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Farm living and allergic rhinitis from childhood to young adulthood - prospective results of the GABRIEL study.
J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 150, 1209-1215.e2 (2022)
BACKGROUND: Growing up on a farm is associated with a reduced prevalence of respiratory allergies in childhood. It is unknown whether this protective effect remains into adulthood. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to prospectively investigate the relationship between farm exposure and prevalence of allergic rhinitis and wheeze from childhood to early adulthood. METHODS: Participants from phase 2 of the GABRIEL (Multidisciplinary Study to Identify the Genetic and Environmental Causes of Asthma in the European Community) study living in southern Germany (aged 6-11 years at baseline; 20-25 at follow-up) were invited to complete a questionnaire on sociodemographic data, farm contact, respiratory symptoms, and potential confounders. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were modelled using generalized estimating equations (GEE). RESULTS: Of the 2,276 phase 2 participants, 1,501 (66%) answered the follow-up questionnaire of which 1,333 could be included in the analyses. Living on a farm was associated with reduced prevalence of allergic rhinitis (persistent farm living OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.2-0.6; only baseline farm living 0.4; 0.2-0.8). The odds ratio for developing symptoms from baseline to follow-up was almost three (OR 2.7; 95% CI 2.1-3.3), irrespective of farm living. For symptoms of wheeze, no statistically significant association with farm living was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The protective effect of farm living on allergic rhinitis persists from childhood to early adulthood. Continuing exposure over puberty does not add to the effect. This confirms that the window of opportunity for a protective effect might be found in childhood.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
Asthma ; Allergic Rhinitis ; Farming ; Prospective Cohort Study ; Rural Environment ; Young Adulthood; Asthma; Exposure; Atopy; Prevalence; Symptoms; Environments; Protection; Diseases; Children; Isaac
ISSN (print) / ISBN
0091-6749
e-ISSN
1097-6825
Quellenangaben
Volume: 150,
Issue: 5,
Pages: 1209-1215.e2
Publisher
Elsevier
Publishing Place
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Non-patent literature
Publications
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention (IAP)
Lung Health and Immunity (LHI)
Lung Health and Immunity (LHI)
Grants
European Research Council Advanced Investigators Grant
European Commission as part of GABRIEL
Association for the Promotion of Science and Research at the Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
European Commission as part of GABRIEL
Association for the Promotion of Science and Research at the Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich