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Influenza A virus infection reactivates human endogenous retroviruses associated with modulation of antiviral immunity.
Viruses 14:1591 (2022)
Human endogenous retrovirus (HERVs), normally silenced by methylation or mutations, can be reactivated by multiple environmental factors, including infections with exogenous viruses. In this work, we investigated the transcriptional activity of HERVs in human A549 cells infected by two wild-type (PR8M, SC35M) and one mutated (SC35MΔNS1) strains of Influenza A virus (IAVs). We found that the majority of differentially expressed HERVs (DEHERVS) and genes (DEGs) were up-regulated in the infected cells, with the most significantly enriched biological processes associated with the genes differentially expressed exclusively in SC35MΔNS1 being linked to the immune system. Most DEHERVs in PR8M and SC35M are mammalian apparent LTR retrotransposons, while in SC35MΔNS1, more HERV loci from the HERVW9 group were differentially expressed. Furthermore, up-regulated pairs of HERVs and genes in close chromosomal proximity to each other tended to be associated with immune responses, which implies that specific HERV groups might have the potential to trigger specific gene networks and influence host immunological pathways.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
Expression Analysis ; Functional Annotation ; Gene Regulation ; Genome Analysis ; Immune Response ; Virus-host Interactions
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1999-4915
e-ISSN
1999-4915
Journal
Viruses
Quellenangaben
Volume: 14,
Issue: 7,
Article Number: 1591
Publisher
MDPI
Non-patent literature
Publications
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Grants
European Research Council