Toxic/bioactive peptide synthesis genes rearranged by insertion sequence elements among the bloom-forming cyanobacteria Planktothrix.
Front. Microbiol. 13:901762 (2022)
It has been generally hypothesized that mobile elements can induce genomic rearrangements and influence the distribution and functionality of toxic/bioactive peptide synthesis pathways in microbes. In this study, we performed in depth genomic analysis by completing the genomes of 13 phylogenetically diverse strains of the bloom-forming freshwater cyanobacteria Planktothrix spp. to investigate the role of insertion sequence (IS) elements in seven pathways. Chromosome size varied from 4.7–4.8 Mbp (phylogenetic Lineage 1 of P. agardhii/P. rubescens thriving in shallow waterbodies) to 5.4–5.6 Mbp (Lineage 2 of P. agardhii/P. rubescens thriving in deeper physically stratified lakes and reservoirs) and 6.3–6.6 Mbp (Lineage 3, P. pseudagardhii/P. tepida including planktic and benthic ecotypes). Although the variation in chromosome size was positively related to the proportion of IS elements (1.1–3.7% on chromosome), quantitatively, IS elements and other paralogs only had a minor share in chromosome size variation. Thus, the major part of genomic variation must have resulted from gene loss processes (ancestor of Lineages 1 and 2) and horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Six of seven peptide synthesis gene clusters were found located on the chromosome and occurred already in the ancestor of P. agardhii/P. rubescens, and became partly lost during evolution of Lineage 1. In general, no increased IS element frequency in the vicinity of peptide synthesis gene clusters was observed. We found a higher proportion of IS elements in ten breaking regions related to chromosomal rearrangements and a tendency for colocalization of toxic/bioactive peptide synthesis gene clusters on the chromosome.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
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Keywords
Chromosomal Rearrangements ; Cyanotoxins ; Genome Size Variation ; Harmful Algal Blooms ; Horizontal Gene Transfer ; Insertion Sequence Elements ; Microevolution ; Secondary Metabolites
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Language
english
Publication Year
2022
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2022
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1664-302X
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1664-302X
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Article Number: 901762
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Frontiers
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Peer reviewed
POF-Topic(s)
30203 - Molecular Targets and Therapies
Research field(s)
Immune Response and Infection
PSP Element(s)
G-554300-001
Grants
Austrian Science Fund
Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Office of China Postdoc Council
Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen
China Scholarship Council
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Erfassungsdatum
2022-11-14