Toxic/bioactive peptide synthesis genes rearranged by insertion sequence elements among the bloom-forming cyanobacteria Planktothrix.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        Front. Microbiol. 13:901762 (2022)
    
    
    
      
      
	
	    It has been generally hypothesized that mobile elements can induce genomic rearrangements and influence the distribution and functionality of toxic/bioactive peptide synthesis pathways in microbes. In this study, we performed in depth genomic analysis by completing the genomes of 13 phylogenetically diverse strains of the bloom-forming freshwater cyanobacteria Planktothrix spp. to investigate the role of insertion sequence (IS) elements in seven pathways. Chromosome size varied from 4.7–4.8 Mbp (phylogenetic Lineage 1 of P. agardhii/P. rubescens thriving in shallow waterbodies) to 5.4–5.6 Mbp (Lineage 2 of P. agardhii/P. rubescens thriving in deeper physically stratified lakes and reservoirs) and 6.3–6.6 Mbp (Lineage 3, P. pseudagardhii/P. tepida including planktic and benthic ecotypes). Although the variation in chromosome size was positively related to the proportion of IS elements (1.1–3.7% on chromosome), quantitatively, IS elements and other paralogs only had a minor share in chromosome size variation. Thus, the major part of genomic variation must have resulted from gene loss processes (ancestor of Lineages 1 and 2) and horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Six of seven peptide synthesis gene clusters were found located on the chromosome and occurred already in the ancestor of P. agardhii/P. rubescens, and became partly lost during evolution of Lineage 1. In general, no increased IS element frequency in the vicinity of peptide synthesis gene clusters was observed. We found a higher proportion of IS elements in ten breaking regions related to chromosomal rearrangements and a tendency for colocalization of toxic/bioactive peptide synthesis gene clusters on the chromosome.
	
	
	    
	
       
      
	
	    
		Impact Factor
		Scopus SNIP
		Web of Science
Times Cited
		Scopus
Cited By
		Altmetric
		
	     
	    
	 
       
      
     
    
        Publication type
        Article: Journal article
    
 
    
        Document type
        Scientific Article
    
 
    
        Thesis type
        
    
 
    
        Editors
        
    
    
        Keywords
        Chromosomal Rearrangements ; Cyanotoxins ; Genome Size Variation ; Harmful Algal Blooms ; Horizontal Gene Transfer ; Insertion Sequence Elements ; Microevolution ; Secondary Metabolites
    
 
    
        Keywords plus
        
    
 
    
    
        Language
        english
    
 
    
        Publication Year
        2022
    
 
    
        Prepublished in Year
        
    
 
    
        HGF-reported in Year
        2022
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        1664-302X
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        1664-302X
    
 
    
        ISBN
        
    
    
        Book Volume Title
        
    
 
    
        Conference Title
        
    
 
	
        Conference Date
        
    
     
	
        Conference Location
        
    
 
	
        Proceedings Title
        
    
 
     
	
    
        Quellenangaben
        
	    Volume: 13,  
	    Issue: ,  
	    Pages: ,  
	    Article Number: 901762 
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
    
        
            Series
            
        
 
        
            Publisher
            Frontiers
        
 
        
            Publishing Place
            
        
 
	
        
            Day of Oral Examination
            0000-00-00
        
 
        
            Advisor
            
        
 
        
            Referee
            
        
 
        
            Examiner
            
        
 
        
            Topic
            
        
 
	
        
            University
            
        
 
        
            University place
            
        
 
        
            Faculty
            
        
 
    
        
            Publication date
            0000-00-00
        
 
         
        
            Application date
            0000-00-00
        
 
        
            Patent owner
            
        
 
        
            Further owners
            
        
 
        
            Application country
            
        
 
        
            Patent priority
            
        
 
    
        Reviewing status
        Peer reviewed
    
 
     
    
        POF-Topic(s)
        30203 - Molecular Targets and Therapies
    
 
    
        Research field(s)
        Immune Response and Infection
    
 
    
        PSP Element(s)
        G-554300-001
    
 
    
        Grants
        Austrian Science Fund
Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Office of China Postdoc Council
Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen
China Scholarship Council
    
 
    
        Copyright
        
    
 	
    
    
    
    
    
        Erfassungsdatum
        2022-11-14