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Salami, F.* ; Tamura, R.* ; You, L.* ; Lernmark, Å.* ; Elding Larsson, H.* ; Lundgren, M.* ; Krischer, J.* ; Ziegler, A.-G. ; Toppari, J.* ; Veijola, R.* ; Rewers, M.* ; Haller, M.J.* ; Hagopian, W.* ; Akolkar, B.* ; Törn, C.*

HbA1c as a time predictive biomarker for an additional islet autoantibody and type 1 diabetes in seroconverted TEDDY children.

Pediatr. Diabetes 23, 1586-1593 (2022)
Publ. Version/Full Text Research data DOI PMC
Open Access Gold (Paid Option)
Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Increased level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is associated with type 1 diabetes onset that in turn is preceded by one to several autoantibodies against the pancreatic islet beta cell autoantigens; insulin (IA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), islet antigen-2 (IA-2) and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8). The risk for type 1 diabetes diagnosis increases by autoantibody number. Biomarkers predicting the development of a second or a subsequent autoantibody and type 1 diabetes are needed to predict disease stages and improve secondary prevention trials. This study aimed to investigate whether HbA1c possibly predicts the progression from first to a subsequent autoantibody or type 1 diabetes in healthy children participating in the Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. METHODS: A joint model was designed to assess the association of longitudinal HbA1c levels with the development of first (insulin or GAD autoantibodies) to a second, second to third, third to fourth autoantibody or type 1 diabetes in healthy children prospectively followed from birth until 15 years of age. RESULTS: It was found that increased levels of HbA1c were associated with a higher risk of type 1 diabetes (HR 1.82, 95% CI [1.57-2.10], p<0.001) regardless of first appearing autoantibody, autoantibody number or type. A decrease in HbA1c levels was associated with the development of IA-2A as a second autoantibody following GADA (HR 0.85, 95% CI [0.75,0.97], p=0.017) and a fourth autoantibody following GADA, IAA and ZnT8A (HR 0.90, 95% CI [0.82,0.99], p=0.036). HbA1c trajectory analyses showed a significant increase of HbA1c over time (p<0.001) and that the increase is more rapid as the number of autoantibodies increased from one to three (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, increased HbA1c is a reliable time predictive marker for type 1 diabetes onset. The increased rate of increase of HbA1c from first to third autoantibody and the decrease in HbA1c predicting the development of IA-2A are novel findings proving the link between HbA1c and the appearance of autoantibodies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
Corresponding Author
Keywords Children ; Gada ; Hba1c ; Ia-2a ; Iaa ; Islet Autoantibodies ; Type 1 Diabetes ; Znt8a; Environmental Determinants; Young Teddy; Progression; Hba(1c); Onset; Risk; Age
ISSN (print) / ISBN 1399-543X
e-ISSN 1399-5448
Journal Pediatric Diabetes
Quellenangaben Volume: 23, Issue: 8, Pages: 1586-1593 Article Number: , Supplement: ,
Publisher Wiley
Publishing Place Adam House, 3rd Fl, 1 Fitzroy Sq, London, Wit 5he, England
Non-patent literature Publications
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute of Diabetes Research Type 1 (IDF)
Grants University of Colorado
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation United States of America
University of Florida
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Institutes of Health