Grunberg, D.* ; Martin, J. ; Cryan, J.F.* ; O'Halloran, K.D.* ; Kelleher, E.* ; Dinan, T.G.* ; Clarke, G.*
     
    
        
The effect of exercise interventions on inflammatory markers in major depressive disorder: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        HRB Open Res. 4:42 (2022)
    
    
    
      
      
	
	    Background: Depression currently affects 4.4% of the global population, and 93.7% of this population suffer from major depressive disorder (MDD) according to 2017 statistics. MDD patients are more likely to suffer from co-morbidities such as cardiovascular disease and high body mass index (BMI), thus contributing to its large cost to society. Throughout the literature, there are known links between inflammation and MDD. Interestingly, while exercise is considered a promising intervention for MDD, the mechanism(s) of action remain unclear, thereby preventing the creation of optimal, cost-saving, exercise "prescriptions" for those with MDD. Thus, the aim of this review and meta-analysis is to summarize and analyse the current literature exploring how quantified exercise interventions modulate inflammatory molecules in MDD patients. Methods: Electronic databases (APA PsycINFO, and PubMed/MEDLINE (EBSCO interface), EMBASE) will be searched using a detailed search strategy comprised of three search term themes: exercise, depression/MDD, and inflammation/inflammatory molecules. Only quantified exercise interventions performed in adult humans with MDD validated via a recognized diagnostic criterion will be included. Studies should also include a MDD control group and explore changes in inflammatory molecules. Examples of these molecules include: C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), homocysteine, d-dimer and myeloperoxidase (MPO). After eligible studies are identified, standardized data extraction will be employed and the risk of bias in each study will be appraised using the Cochrane handbook checklists. In the event of two or more homogenous studies exploring exercise effects over a similar time period, raw mean differences or standardized mean differences will be pooled using random effects analysis. This systematic review and meta-analysis will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Dissemination: This systematic review and meta-analysis will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals. PROSPERO registration: CRD42020186006 (31/08/2020).
	
	
	    
	
       
      
	
	    
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        Publication type
        Article: Journal article
    
 
    
        Document type
        Scientific Article
    
 
    
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        Keywords
        Major Depressive Disorder; Mdd; Depression; Inflammatory Biomarkers; Inflammatory Cytokines; Exercise;
    
 
    
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        Language
        english
    
 
    
        Publication Year
        2022
    
 
    
        Prepublished in Year
        0
    
 
    
        HGF-reported in Year
        2022
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        2515-4826
    
 
    
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        2515-4826
    
 
    
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	    Volume: 4,  
	    Issue: ,  
	    Pages: ,  
	    Article Number: 42 
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
    
        
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            Health Research Board
        
 
        
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        Reviewing status
        Peer reviewed
    
 
     
    
        POF-Topic(s)
        90000 - German Center for Diabetes Research
    
 
    
        Research field(s)
        Helmholtz Diabetes Center
    
 
    
        PSP Element(s)
        G-502400-005
    
 
    
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        Erfassungsdatum
        2022-12-10