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Hepatitis B virus impairs TLR9 expression and function in plasmacytoid dendritic cells.
PLoS ONE 6:e26315 (2011)
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a key role in detecting pathogens by producing large amounts of type I interferon (IFN) by sensing the presence of viral infections through the Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) pathway. TLR9 is a sensor of viral and bacterial DNA motifs and activates the IRF7 transcription factor which leads to type I IFN secretion by pDCs. However, during chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, pDCs display an impaired ability to secrete IFN-α following ex vivo stimulation with TLR9 ligands. Here we highlight several strategies used by HBV to block IFN-α production through a specific impairment of the TLR9 signaling. Our results show that HBV particle internalisation could inhibit TLR9- but not TLR7-mediated secretion of IFN-α by pDCs. We observed that HBV down-regulated TLR9 transcriptional activity in pDCs and B cells in which TLR9 mRNA and protein levels were reduced. HBV can interfere with TLR9 activity by blocking the MyD88-IRAK4 axis and Sendai virus targeting IRF7 to block IFN-α production. Neutralising CpG motif sequences were identified within HBV DNA genome of genotypes A to H which displayed a suppressive effect on TLR9-immune activation. Moreover, TLR9 mRNA and protein were downregulated in PBMCs from patients with HBV-associated chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus HBV has developed several escape mechanisms to avoid TLR9 activation in both pDCs and B lymphocytes, which may in turn contribute to the establishment and/or persistence of chronic infection.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
Inhibits TLR9-mediated activation; Blood mononuclear-cells; Innate immunity; Antiviral response; CPG motifs; Infection; HBV; DNA; Involvement; Induction
Language
english
Publication Year
2011
HGF-reported in Year
2011
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1932-6203
Journal
PLoS ONE
Quellenangaben
Volume: 6,
Issue: 10,
Article Number: e26315
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publishing Place
Lawrence, Kan.
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute of Virology (VIRO)
Institute of Molecular Immunology (IMI)
CCG Immune Monitoring (Platform) (IMI-KIM)
Institute of Molecular Immunology (IMI)
CCG Immune Monitoring (Platform) (IMI-KIM)
POF-Topic(s)
30203 - Molecular Targets and Therapies
30504 - Mechanisms of Genetic and Environmental Influences on Health and Disease
30504 - Mechanisms of Genetic and Environmental Influences on Health and Disease
Research field(s)
Immune Response and Infection
PSP Element(s)
G-502700-003
G-502700-004
G-501790-002
G-520400-001
G-501790-001
G-501790-003
G-502700-004
G-501790-002
G-520400-001
G-501790-001
G-501790-003
PubMed ID
22046272
Erfassungsdatum
2011-11-25