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Impact of ambient ultrafine particles on cause-specific mortality in three German cities.
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 207, 1334-1344 (2023)
RATIONALE: Exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with adverse effects on morbidity and mortality. However, the evidence for ultrafine particles (UFP; 10-100nm) based on epidemiological studies remains scarce and inconsistent. OBJECTIVES: We examined associations between short-term exposures to UFP and total particle number concentrations (PNC; 10-800nm) and cause-specific mortality in the three German cities Dresden, Leipzig, and Augsburg. METHODS: We obtained daily counts of natural, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality between 2010 and 2017. UFP and PNC were measured at six sites and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were collected from routine monitoring. We applied station-specific confounder-adjusted Poisson regression models. We investigated air pollutant effects at aggregated lags (0-1, 2-4, 5-7, and 0-7) and used a novel multilevel meta-analytical method to pool the results. Additionally, we assessed interdependencies between pollutants using two-pollutant models. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: For respiratory mortality, we found a delayed increase in relative risk of 4.46% [95% confidence interval: 1.52%, 7.48%] per 3,223 particles/cm3 increment 5 to 7 days after UFP exposure. Effects for PNC showed smaller but comparable estimates consistent with the observation that the smallest UFP fractions showed the largest effects. No clear associations were found for cardiovascular or natural mortality. UFP effects were independent of PM2.5 in two-pollutant models. CONCLUSIONS: We found delayed effects for respiratory mortality within a week after exposure to UFP and PNC but no associations for natural or cardiovascular mortality. This finding adds to the evidence on independent health effects of UFP.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
Ambient Air Pollution ; Particle Number Concentrations ; Particulate Matter ; Respiratory Mortality ; Ultrafine Particles; Carbon Mass Concentrations; Number Size Distributions; Particulate Matter; Air-pollution; Associations; Pm2.5; Fine
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1073-449X
e-ISSN
1535-4970
Quellenangaben
Volume: 207,
Issue: 10,
Pages: 1334-1344
Publisher
American Thoracic Society
Publishing Place
25 Broadway, 18 Fl, New York, Ny 10004 Usa
Non-patent literature
Publications
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute of Epidemiology II (EPI2)
Grants
Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, Dresden, Germany