PuSH - Publication Server of Helmholtz Zentrum München: Interaction between dietary iron intake and genetically determined iron overload: Risk of islet autoimmunity and progression to Type 1 diabetes in the TEDDY study.

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Thorsen, S.U.* ; Liu, X.* ; Kataria, Y.* ; Mandrup-Poulsen, T.* ; Kaur, S.* ; Uusitalo, U.* ; Virtanen, S.M.* ; Norris, J.M.* ; Rewers, M.* ; Hagopian, W.* ; Yang, J.* ; She, J.X.* ; Akolkar, B.* ; Rich, S.* ; Aronsson, C.A.* ; Lernmark, * ; Ziegler, A.-G. ; Toppari, J.* ; Krischer, J.* ; Parikh, H.M.* ; Ellervik, C.* ; Svensson, J.*

Interaction between dietary iron intake and genetically determined iron overload: Risk of islet autoimmunity and progression to Type 1 diabetes in the TEDDY study.

Diabetes Care 46, 1014-1018 (2023)

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OBJECTIVE: To examine whether iron intake and genetically determined iron overload interact in predisposing to the development of childhood islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study, 7,770 genetically high-risk children were followed from birth until the development of IA and progression to T1D. Exposures included energy-adjusted iron intake in the first 3 years of life and a genetic risk score (GRS) for increased circulating iron. RESULTS: We found a U-shaped association between iron intake and risk of GAD antibody as the first autoantibody. In children with GRS ≥2 iron risk alleles, high iron intake was associated with an increased risk of IA, with insulin as first autoantibody (adjusted hazard ratio 1.71 [95% CI 1.14; 2.58]) compared with moderate iron intake. CONCLUSIONS: Iron intake may alter the risk of IA in children with high-risk HLA haplogenotypes.

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