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Yao, Y.* ; Ma, K.* ; He, C. ; Zhang, Y.* ; Lin, Y.* ; Fang, F.* ; Li, S.* ; He, H.*

Urban surface ozone concentration in mainland China during 2015-2020: Spatial clustering and temporal dynamics.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 20:3810 (2023)

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Urban ozone (O₃) pollution in the atmosphere has become increasingly prominent on a national scale in mainland China, although the atmospheric particulate matter pollution has been significantly reduced in recent years. The clustering and dynamic variation characteristics of the O₃ concentrations in cities across the country, however, have not been accurately explored at relevant spatiotemporal scales. In this study, a standard deviational ellipse analysis and multiscale geographically weighted regression models were applied to explore the migration process and influencing factors of O₃ pollution based on measured data from urban monitoring sites in mainland China. The results suggested that the urban O₃ concentration in mainland China reached its peak in 2018, and the annual O₃ concentration reached 157 ± 27 μg/m³ from 2015 to 2020. On the scale of the whole Chinese mainland, the distribution of O₃ exhibited spatial dependence and aggregation. On the regional scale, the areas of high O₃ concentrations were mainly concentrated in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, and other regions. In addition, the standard deviation ellipse of the urban O₃ concentration covered the entire eastern part of mainland China. Overall, the geographic center of ozone pollution has a tendency to move to the south with the time variation. The interaction between sunshine hours and other factors (precipitation, NO₂, DEM, SO₂, PM_2.5) significantly affected the variation of urban O₃ concentration. In Southwest China, Northwest China, and Central China, the suppression effect of vegetation on local O₃ was more obvious than that in other regions. Therefore, this study clarified for the first time the migration path of the gravity center of the urban O₃ pollution and identified the key areas for the prevention and control of O₃ pollution in mainland China.

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