Boekstegers, F.* ; Scherer, D.* ; Barahona Ponce, C.* ; Marcelain, K.* ; Garate-Calderon, V.* ; Waldenberger, M. ; Morales, E.* ; Rojas, A.* ; Muñoz, C.* ; Retamales, J.* ; de Toro, G.* ; Barajas, O.* ; Rivera, M.T.* ; Cortes, A.* ; Loader, D.* ; Saavedra, J.* ; Gutierrez, L.* ; Ortega, A.* ; Bertran, M.E.* ; Bartolotti, L.* ; Gabler, F.* ; Campos, M.* ; Alvarado, J.* ; Moisán, F.* ; Spencer, L.* ; Nervi, B.* ; Carvajal-Hausdorf, D.* ; Losada, H.* ; Almau, M.* ; Fernandez, P.* ; Olloquequi, J.* ; Fuentes-Guajardo, M.* ; Gonzalez-Jose, R.* ; Bortolini, M.C.* ; Acuña-Alonzo, V.* ; Gallo, C.* ; Linares, A.R.* ; Rothhammer, F.* ; Lorenzo Bermejo, J.*
     
    
        
Development and internal validation of a multifactorial risk prediction model for gallbladder cancer in a high-incidence country.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        Int. J. Cancer 153, 1151-1161 (2023)
    
    
    
      
      
	
	    Since 2006, Chile has been implementing a gallbladder cancer (GBC) prevention program based on prophylactic cholecystectomy for gallstone patients aged 35 to 49 years. The effectiveness of this prevention program has not yet been comprehensively evaluated. We conducted a retrospective study of 473 Chilean GBC patients and 2137 population-based controls to develop and internally validate three GBC risk prediction models. The Baseline Model accounted for gallstones while adjusting for sex and birth year. Enhanced Model I also included the non-genetic risk factors: body mass index, educational level, Mapuche surnames, number of children and family history of GBC. Enhanced Model II further included Mapuche ancestry and the genotype for rs17209837. Multiple Cox regression was applied to assess the predictive performance, quantified by the area under the precision-recall curve (AUC-PRC) and the number of cholecystectomies needed (NCN) to prevent one case of GBC at age 70 years. The AUC-PRC for the Baseline Model (0.44%, 95%CI 0.42-0.46) increased by 0.22 (95%CI 0.15-0.29) when non-genetic factors were included, and by 0.25 (95%CI 0.20-0.30) when incorporating non-genetic and genetic factors. The overall NCN for Chileans with gallstones (115, 95%CI 104-131) decreased to 92 (95%CI 60-128) for Chileans with a higher risk than the median according to Enhanced Model I, and to 80 (95%CI 59-110) according to Enhanced Model II. In conclusion, age, sex and gallstones are strong risk factors for GBC, but consideration of other non-genetic factors and individual genotype data improves risk prediction and may optimize allocation of financial resources and surgical capacity.
	
	
	    
	
       
      
	
	    
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        Publication type
        Article: Journal article
    
 
    
        Document type
        Scientific Article
    
 
    
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        Keywords
        Cholecystectomy ; Gallbladder Cancer ; Gallstones ; Native American Ancestry ; Non-genetic And Genetic Risk Factors ; Risk Prediction
    
 
    
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        Language
        english
    
 
    
        Publication Year
        2023
    
 
    
        Prepublished in Year
        0
    
 
    
        HGF-reported in Year
        2023
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        0020-7136
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        1097-0215
    
 
    
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	    Volume: 153,  
	    Issue: 6,  
	    Pages: 1151-1161 
	    Article Number: ,  
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
    
        
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            Wiley
        
 
        
            Publishing Place
            111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
        
 
	
        
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        Reviewing status
        Peer reviewed
    
 
    
        Institute(s)
        Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)
    
 
    
        POF-Topic(s)
        30202 - Environmental Health
    
 
    
        Research field(s)
        Genetics and Epidemiology
    
 
    
        PSP Element(s)
        G-504091-001
    
 
    
        Grants
        H2020 Societal Challenges Programme
German Research Foundation
Ministry of Science, Research, and the Arts Baden-Wuerttemberg (MWK)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Universidad de Chile, Biobank
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
Bundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)
    
 
    
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        Erfassungsdatum
        2023-10-06