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Implication of DNA methylation during lifestyle mediated weight loss.
Front. Endocrin. 14:1181002 (2023)
Over the past 50 years, the number of overweight/obese people increased significantly, making obesity a global public health challenge. Apart from rare monogenic forms, obesity is a multifactorial disease, most likely resulting from a concerted interaction of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Although recent studies opened new avenues in elucidating the complex genetics behind obesity, the biological mechanisms contributing to individual's risk to become obese are not yet fully understood. Non-genetic factors such as eating behaviour or physical activity are strong contributing factors for the onset of obesity. These factors may interact with genetic predispositions most likely via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenome-wide association studies or methylome-wide association studies are measuring DNA methylation at single CpGs across thousands of genes and capture associations to obesity phenotypes such as BMI. However, they only represent a snapshot in the complex biological network and cannot distinguish between causes and consequences. Intervention studies are therefore a suitable method to control for confounding factors and to avoid possible sources of bias. In particular, intervention studies documenting changes in obesity-associated epigenetic markers during lifestyle driven weight loss, make an important contribution to a better understanding of epigenetic reprogramming in obesity. To investigate the impact of lifestyle in obesity state specific DNA methylation, especially concerning the development of new strategies for prevention and individual therapy, we reviewed 19 most recent human intervention studies. In summary, this review highlights the huge potential of targeted interventions to alter disease-associated epigenetic patterns. However, there is an urgent need for further robust and larger studies to identify the specific DNA methylation biomarkers which influence obesity.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Review
Keywords
Dna-methylation ; Epigenetics ; Intervention ; Lifestyle ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Weight Loss; Human Gut Microbiome; Subcutaneous Adipose-tissue; Epigenome-wide Association; Iia Histone Deacetylases; Free Nucleic-acids; Body-mass Index; Cell-free Dna; Cesarean-section; Receptor Cd44; Birth-weight
Language
english
Publication Year
2023
HGF-reported in Year
2023
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1664-2392
e-ISSN
1664-2392
Journal
Frontiers in Endocrinology
Quellenangaben
Volume: 14,
Article Number: 1181002
Publisher
Frontiers
Publishing Place
Lausanne
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Helmholtz Institute for Metabolism, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG)
POF-Topic(s)
30201 - Metabolic Health
Research field(s)
Helmholtz Diabetes Center
PSP Element(s)
G-506501-001
WOS ID
001051547000001
Scopus ID
85168479702
PubMed ID
37614712
Erfassungsdatum
2023-10-06