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Remote detection of different marine fuels in exhaust plumes by onboard measurements in the Baltic Sea using single-particle mass spectrometry.
Atmosphere 14:849 (2023)
Ship emissions are a major cause of global air pollution, and in particular, emissions from the combustion of bunker fuels, such as heavy fuel oil (HFO), show strong impacts on the environment and human health. Therefore, sophisticated measurement techniques are needed for monitoring. We present here an approach to remotely investigating ship exhaust plumes through onboard measurements from a research vessel in the Baltic Sea. The ship exhaust plumes were detected from a distance of ~5 km by rapid changes in particle number concentration and a variation in the ambient particle size distribution utilizing a condensation particle counter (CPC) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) instrument. Ambient single particles in the size range of 0.2–2.5 µm were qualitatively characterized with respect to their chemical signature by single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS). In particular, the high sensitivity of the measurement method for transition metals in particulate matter (PM) was used to distinguish between the different marine fuels. Despite the high complexity of the ambient aerosol and the adverse conditions at sea, the exhaust plumes of several ships could be analyzed by means of the online instrumentation.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
Marine Fuel Type Determination Through Airborne Particles ; Remote Detection Monitoring ; Shipping Emissions ; Single-particle Mass Spectrometry ; Sulfur Cap ; Sulfur Emission Control Areas; Sulfur-content Regulations; In-situ Measurements; Chemical-characterization; Ship Emissions; Air-quality; Particulate-emissions; Mixing State; Aerosol; Impact; Heavy
ISSN (print) / ISBN
2073-4433
e-ISSN
2073-4433
Journal
Atmosphere
Quellenangaben
Volume: 14,
Issue: 5,
Article Number: 849
Publisher
MDPI
Publishing Place
St Alban-anlage 66, Ch-4052 Basel, Switzerland
Non-patent literature
Publications
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Grants
European Union-NextGenerationEU
Digitalization and Technology Research Center of the Bundeswehr
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research foundation)
Digitalization and Technology Research Center of the Bundeswehr
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research foundation)