Kanawati, B. ; Bertic, M. ; Moritz, F. ; Habermann, F.* ; Zimmer, I. ; Mackey, D.* ; Schmitt-Kopplin, P. ; Schnitzler, J.-P. ; Durner, J. ; Gaupels, F.
Blue-green fluorescence during hypersensitive cell death arises from phenylpropanoid deydrodimers.
Plant Direct 7:e531 (2023)
Infection of Arabidopsis with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae and exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) both trigger hypersensitive cell death (HCD) that is characterized by the emission of bright blue-green (BG) autofluorescence under UV illumination. The aim of our current work was to identify the BG fluorescent molecules and scrutinize their biosynthesis, localization, and functions during the HCD. Compared with wild-type (WT) plants, the phenylpropanoid-deficient mutant fah1 developed normal HCD except for the absence of BG fluorescence. Ultrahigh resolution metabolomics combined with mass difference network analysis revealed that WT but not fah1 plants rapidly accumulate dehydrodimers of sinapic acid, sinapoylmalate, 5-hydroxyferulic acid, and 5-hydroxyferuloylmalate during the HCD. FAH1-dependent BG fluorescence appeared exclusively within dying cells of the upper epidermis as detected by microscopy. Saponification released dehydrodimers from cell wall polymers of WT but not fah1 plants. Collectively, our data suggest that HCD induction leads to the formation of free BG fluorescent dehydrodimers from monomeric sinapates and 5-hydroxyferulates. The formed dehydrodimers move from upper epidermis cells into the apoplast where they esterify cell wall polymers. Possible functions of phenylpropanoid dehydrodimers are discussed.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
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Editors
Keywords
5-hydroxyferulic Acid ; Autofluorescence ; Cell Wall ; Dehydrodimers ; Fah1 ; Hypersensitive Cell Death ; Sinapic Acid; Nitric-oxide; Resistance; Dehydrodimers; Phenolics; Acid
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Language
english
Publication Year
2023
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0
HGF-reported in Year
2023
ISSN (print) / ISBN
2475-4455
e-ISSN
2475-4455
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Volume: 7,
Issue: 9,
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Article Number: e531
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Wiley
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The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester Po19 8sq, W Sussex, England
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Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
POF-Topic(s)
30202 - Environmental Health
Research field(s)
Environmental Sciences
PSP Element(s)
G-504900-002
G-504800-001
G-504991-001
Grants
We thank Elisabeth Georgii for support with the statistical analysis. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
Copyright
Erfassungsdatum
2023-10-18