Bender, S.F.* ; Schulz, S. ; Martinez-Cuesta, R. ; Laughlin, R.J.* ; Kublik, S. ; Pfeiffer-Zakharova, K. ; Vestergaard, G. ; Hartman, K.* ; Parladé, E.* ; Römbke, J.* ; Watson, C.J.* ; Schloter, M. ; van der Heijden, M.G.A.*
     
    
        
Simplification of soil biota communities impairs nutrient recycling and enhances above- and belowground nitrogen losses.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        New Phytol. 240, 2020-2034 (2023)
    
    
    
      
      
	
	    Agriculture is a major source of nutrient pollution, posing a threat to the earth system functioning. Factors determining the nutrient use efficiency of plant–soil systems need to be identified to develop strategies to reduce nutrient losses while ensuring crop productivity. The potential of soil biota to tighten nutrient cycles by improving plant nutrition and reducing soil nutrient losses is still poorly understood. We manipulated soil biota communities in outdoor lysimeters, planted maize, continuously collected leachates, and measured N2O- and N2-gas emissions after a fertilization pulse to test whether differences in soil biota communities affected nutrient recycling and N losses. Lysimeters with strongly simplified soil biota communities showed reduced crop N (−20%) and P (−58%) uptake, strongly increased N leaching losses (+65%), and gaseous emissions (+97%) of N2O and N2. Soil metagenomic analyses revealed differences in the abundance of genes responsible for nutrient uptake, nitrate reduction, and denitrification that helped explain the observed nutrient losses. Soil biota are major drivers of nutrient cycling and reductions in the diversity or abundance of certain groups (e.g. through land-use intensification) can disrupt nutrient cycling, reduce agricultural productivity and nutrient use efficiency, and exacerbate environmental pollution and global warming.
	
	
	    
	
       
      
	
	    
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        Publication type
        Article: Journal article
    
 
    
        Document type
        Scientific Article
    
 
    
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        Keywords
        Denitrification ; Ecosystem Functioning ; Maize ; Metagenome ; Nitrous Oxide ; Nutrient Leaching ; Soil Biodiversity; Greenhouse-gas Emissions; Complete Nitrification; Oxide Reductase; Biodiversity; Genes; Fungi; Water; Identification; Colonization; Diversity
    
 
    
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        Language
        english
    
 
    
        Publication Year
        2023
    
 
    
        Prepublished in Year
        0
    
 
    
        HGF-reported in Year
        2023
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        0028-646X
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        1469-8137
    
 
    
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	    Volume: 240,  
	    Issue: 5,  
	    Pages: 2020-2034 
	    Article Number: ,  
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
    
        
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            Publisher
            Wiley
        
 
        
            Publishing Place
            111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
        
 
	
        
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        Reviewing status
        Peer reviewed
    
 
     
    
        POF-Topic(s)
        30202 - Environmental Health
    
 
    
        Research field(s)
        Environmental Sciences
    
 
    
        PSP Element(s)
        G-504700-001
    
 
    
        Grants
        Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Forderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
    
 
    
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        Erfassungsdatum
        2023-10-18