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Simplification of soil biota communities impairs nutrient recycling and enhances above- and belowground nitrogen losses.
New Phytol. 240, 2020-2034 (2023)
Agriculture is a major source of nutrient pollution, posing a threat to the earth system functioning. Factors determining the nutrient use efficiency of plant–soil systems need to be identified to develop strategies to reduce nutrient losses while ensuring crop productivity. The potential of soil biota to tighten nutrient cycles by improving plant nutrition and reducing soil nutrient losses is still poorly understood. We manipulated soil biota communities in outdoor lysimeters, planted maize, continuously collected leachates, and measured N2O- and N2-gas emissions after a fertilization pulse to test whether differences in soil biota communities affected nutrient recycling and N losses. Lysimeters with strongly simplified soil biota communities showed reduced crop N (−20%) and P (−58%) uptake, strongly increased N leaching losses (+65%), and gaseous emissions (+97%) of N2O and N2. Soil metagenomic analyses revealed differences in the abundance of genes responsible for nutrient uptake, nitrate reduction, and denitrification that helped explain the observed nutrient losses. Soil biota are major drivers of nutrient cycling and reductions in the diversity or abundance of certain groups (e.g. through land-use intensification) can disrupt nutrient cycling, reduce agricultural productivity and nutrient use efficiency, and exacerbate environmental pollution and global warming.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
Denitrification ; Ecosystem Functioning ; Maize ; Metagenome ; Nitrous Oxide ; Nutrient Leaching ; Soil Biodiversity; Greenhouse-gas Emissions; Complete Nitrification; Oxide Reductase; Biodiversity; Genes; Fungi; Water; Identification; Colonization; Diversity
ISSN (print) / ISBN
0028-646X
e-ISSN
1469-8137
Journal
New Phytologist
Quellenangaben
Volume: 240,
Issue: 5,
Pages: 2020-2034
Publisher
Wiley
Publishing Place
111 River St, Hoboken 07030-5774, Nj Usa
Non-patent literature
Publications
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis (COMI)
Grants
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Forderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung