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Schwarz, M. ; Schneider, A.E. ; Cyrys, J. ; Bastian, S.* ; Breitner-Busch, S. ; Peters, A.

Impact of ultrafine particles and total particle number concentration on five cause-specific hospital admission endpoints in three German cities.

Environ. Int. 178:108032 (2023)

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Introduction: Numerous studies have shown associations between daily concentrations of fine particles (e.g., particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm; PM2.5) and morbidity. However, evidence for ultrafine particles (UFP; particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 10–100 nm) remains conflicting. Therefore, we aimed to examine the short-term associations of UFP with five cause-specific hospital admission endpoints for Leipzig, Dresden, and Augsburg, Germany. Material and methods: We obtained daily counts of (cause-specific) cardiorespiratory hospital admissions between 2010 and 2017. Daily average concentrations of UFP, total particle number (PNC; 10–800 nm), and black carbon (BC) were measured at six sites; PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were obtained from monitoring networks. We assessed immediate (lag 0–1), delayed (lag 2–4, lag 5–7), and cumulative (lag 0–7) effects by applying station-specific confounder-adjusted Poisson regression models. We then used a novel multi-level meta-analytical method to obtain pooled risk estimates. Finally, we performed two-pollutant models to investigate interdependencies between pollutants and examined possible effect modification by age, sex, and season. Results: UFP showed a delayed (lag 2–4) increase in respiratory hospital admissions of 0.69% [95% confidence interval (CI): −0.28%; 1.67%]. For other hospital admission endpoints, we found only suggestive results. Larger particle size fractions, such as accumulation mode particles (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 100–800 nm), generally showed stronger effects (respiratory hospital admissions & lag 2–4: 1.55% [95% CI: 0.86%; 2.25%]). PM2.5 showed the most consistent associations for (cardio-)respiratory hospital admissions, whereas NO2 did not show any associations. Two-pollutant models showed independent effects of PM2.5 and BC. Moreover, higher risks have been observed for children. Conclusions: We observed clear associations with PM2.5 but UFP or PNC did not show a clear association across different exposure windows and cause-specific hospital admissions. Further multi-center studies are needed using harmonized UFP measurements to draw definite conclusions on the health effects of UFP.

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Publication type Article: Journal article

Document type Scientific Article

Corresponding Author

Keywords Ambient Air Pollution ; Hospital Admission ; Morbidity ; Particle Number Concentrations ; Particulate Matter ; Ultrafine Particles; Particulate Air-pollution; Long-term Observations; Emergency-room Visits; Black Carbon Mass; Aerosol Measurements; Size Spectrometers; Daily Mortality; Distributions; Association; Temperature

ISSN (print) / ISBN 0160-4120

e-ISSN 1873-6750

Journal Environment International

Quellenangaben Volume: 178, Article Number: 108032

Publisher Elsevier

Publishing Place The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford Ox5 1gb, England

Non-patent literature Publications

Reviewing status Peer reviewed

Institute(s) Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)

Grants Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology (LfULG), Dresden, Germany