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Physiological changes during torpor favor association with Endozoicomonas endosymbionts in the urochordate Botrylloides leachii.
Front. Microbiol. 14:1072053 (2023)
Environmental perturbations evoke down-regulation of metabolism in some multicellular organisms, leading to dormancy, or torpor. Colonies of the urochordate Botrylloides leachii enter torpor in response to changes in seawater temperature and may survive for months as small vasculature remnants that lack feeding and reproductive organs but possess torpor-specific microbiota. Upon returning to milder conditions, the colonies rapidly restore their original morphology, cytology and functionality while harboring re-occurring microbiota, a phenomenon that has not been described in detail to date. Here we investigated the stability of B. leachii microbiome and its functionality in active and dormant colonies, using microscopy, qPCR, in situ hybridization, genomics and transcriptomics. A novel lineage of Endozoicomonas, proposed here as Candidatus Endozoicomonas endoleachii, was dominant in torpor animals (53–79% read abundance), and potentially occupied specific hemocytes found only in torpid animals. Functional analysis of the metagenome-assembled genome and genome-targeted transcriptomics revealed that Endozoicomonas can use various cellular substrates, like amino acids and sugars, potentially producing biotin and thiamine, but also expressing various features involved in autocatalytic symbiosis. Our study suggests that the microbiome can be linked to the metabolic and physiological states of the host, B. leachii, introducing a model organism for the study of symbioses during drastic physiological changes, such as torpor.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
Aestivation ; Ascidians ; Endozoicomonas ; Hibernation ; Metabolism ; Symbiosis ; Torpor; Gut Microbiota; Bacterial Communities; Cyclic-peptides; Metabolism; Diversity; Insights; Genomes; System; Mechanisms; Ascidiacea
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1664-302X
e-ISSN
1664-302X
Journal
Frontiers in Microbiology
Quellenangaben
Volume: 14,
Article Number: 1072053
Publisher
Frontiers
Publishing Place
Avenue Du Tribunal Federal 34, Lausanne, Ch-1015, Switzerland
Non-patent literature
Publications
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Lung Health and Immunity (LHI)