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Michalke, B. ; Nischwitz, V.*

Speciation and element-specific detection.

In: Liquid Chromatography (Third Edition) Applications. 2023. 1017-1034 (Liquid Chromatography: Applications)

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The chapter “Speciation and Element-Specific Detection” provides an overview of different analytical approaches for element speciation analysis, based on species separation by HPLC techniques coupled with element-selective detectors. Definition of terms related to element species and characterization via speciation analysis is provided, the need for speciation analysis in environmental, toxicological, or health sciences is explained, and respective examples are given. The main part focuses on techniques, covering sampling, sample storage, preparation, species separation, and on-line element detection. Separation of element species using different HPLC techniques is discussed regarding the completeness of separation, species stability, and eluent compatibility to the elemental detector. Capabilities, detection power, and limitations of the element detectors are briefly outlined. Under “Quality Control,” quantification strategies and potential artifacts of applied techniques are described and quality assurance concepts are presented, including clear species identification. Concepts based on 2-dimensional HPLC separation and species identification by molecular MS are strived.

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