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West, A.G.* ; Digby, A.* ; Santure, A.W.* ; Guhlin, J.G.* ; Dearden, P.* ; Taylor, M.W.* ; Urban, L.

Capturing species-wide diversity of the gut microbiota and its relationship with genomic variation in the critically endangered kākāpō.

Mol. Ecol. 32, 4224-4241 (2023)

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	Open Access Gold (Paid Option)

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Gut microbiota play an essential role in host health with important implications for conservation management of threatened wildlife. While factors such as diet, medication and habitat are known to shape the microbiota, our understanding of the entirety of factors, including the complex role of host genomic background, remains incomplete. Our research on the interaction between the host genome and gut microbiota of the critically endangered kākāpō (Strigops habroptilus), a flightless parrot endemic to Aotearoa New Zealand, represents, to our knowledge, one of the most comprehensive studies of the gastrointestinal bacterial diversity and its relationship with host genomic diversity for virtually an entire threatened species. We conducted a 16S rRNA gene-based analysis of faecal samples representing the gut microbiota for 84% of kākāpō. This survey was leveraged with exceptional metadata to tease apart the impact of host genomic diversity and factors including sex, age, diet, antibiotics, disease, habitat and sampling date on the kākāpō gut microbiota. We find evidence of a highly polygenic genomic architecture of the gut microbiota and identify putative associations between bacterial diversity and functional pathways related to intestinal homeostasis, inflammation, immunity and metabolism. This improved understanding of the kākāpō gut microbiota—and its relationship with host genomics—can directly benefit kākāpō conservation by providing new insights into the role of the gut microbiome in kākāpō health and disease mitigation. Overall, we anticipate that an integration of microbiome studies in conservation research and management will improve our understanding and realisation of the One Health concept.

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Publication type Article: Journal article

Document type Scientific Article

Corresponding Author

Keywords Conservation Biology ; Genomics ; Gwas ; Microbiome ; Threatened Birds; Differential Abundance Analysis; Tgf-beta; Fecal Microbiota; Nitric-oxide; Genetic-determinants; Strigops-habroptilus; Stewart-island; T-cells; Association; Environment

ISSN (print) / ISBN 0962-1083

e-ISSN 1365-294X

Journal Molecular Ecology

Quellenangaben Volume: 32, Issue: 15, Pages: 4224-4241

Publisher Blackwell

Publishing Place Oxford

Non-patent literature Publications

Reviewing status Peer reviewed

Institute(s) Helmholtz Artifical Intelligence Cooperation Unit (HAICU)
Helmholtz Pioneer Campus (HPC)

Grants Department of Anatomy, University of Otago
Revive & Restore Wild Genomes grant
Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
Kate Edger Educational Charitable Trust
Todd Foundation
Graduate Women New Zealand
New Zealand Department of Conservation
School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland