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Wan, W.* ; Peters, S.* ; Portengen, L.* ; Olsson, A.* ; Schüz, J.* ; Ahrens, W.* ; Schejbalova, M.* ; Boffetta, P.* ; Behrens, T.* ; Brüning, T.* ; Kendzia, B.* ; Consonni, D.* ; Demers, P.A.* ; Fabianova, E.* ; Fernandez-Tardon, G.* ; Field, J.K.* ; Forastiere, F.* ; Foretova, L.* ; Guénel, P.* ; Gustavsson, P.* ; Jöckel, K.H.* ; Karrasch, S. ; Landi, M.T.* ; Lissowska, J.* ; Barul, C.* ; Mates, D.* ; McLaughlin, J.R.* ; Merletti, F.* ; Migliore, E.* ; Richiardi, L.* ; Pándics, T.* ; Pohlabeln, H.* ; Siemiatycki, J.* ; Swiatkowska, B.* ; Wichmann, H.E.* ; Zaridze, D.* ; Ge, C.* ; Straif, K.* ; Kromhout, H.* ; Vermeulen, R.*

Occupational benzene exposure and lung cancer risk: A pooled analysis of 14 case-control studies.

Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 209, 185-196 (2023)

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Open Access Green as soon as Postprint is submitted to ZB.

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RATIONALE: Benzene has been classified as carcinogenic to humans, but there is limited evidence linking benzene exposure to lung cancer. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the relationship between occupational benzene exposure and lung cancer. METHODS: Subjects from 14 case-control studies across Europe and Canada were pooled. We used a quantitative job-exposure matrix to estimate benzene exposure. Logistic regression models assessed lung cancer risk across different exposure indices. We adjusted for smoking and five main occupational lung carcinogens and stratified analyses by smoking status and lung cancer subtypes. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Analyses included 28048 subjects (12329 cases, 15719 controls). Lung cancer odds ratios ranged from 1.12 (95% CI: 1.03-1.22) to 1.32 (95% CI: 1.18-1.48) (P_trend=0.002) for groups with the lowest and highest cumulative occupational exposure, respectively, compared to unexposed subjects. We observed an increasing trend of lung cancer with longer duration of exposure (P_trend<0.001) and decreasing trend with longer time since last exposure (P_trend=0.02). These effects were seen for all lung cancer subtypes, regardless of smoking status, and were not influenced by specific occupational groups, exposures, or studies. CONCLUSION: We found consistent and robust associations between different dimensions of occupational benzene exposure and lung cancer after adjusting for smoking and main occupational lung carcinogens. These associations were observed across different subgroups, including non-smokers. Our findings support the hypothesis that occupational benzene exposure increases the risk of developing lung cancer. Consequently, there is a need to revisit published epidemiological and molecular data on the pulmonary carcinogenicity of benzene.

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Publication type Article: Journal article

Document type Scientific Article

Corresponding Author

Keywords Benzene ; Lung Cancer ; Occupational Exposure; Volatile Organic-compounds; Refinery/petrochemical Complex; Mortality; Workers; Cohort; Industry; Subtypes; Europe

ISSN (print) / ISBN 1073-449X

e-ISSN 1535-4970

Journal American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Quellenangaben Volume: 209, Issue: 2, Pages: 185-196

Publisher American Thoracic Society

Publishing Place 25 Broadway, 18 Fl, New York, Ny 10004 Usa

Non-patent literature Publications

Reviewing status Peer reviewed

Institute(s) Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)

Grants
National Cancer Institute
National Institutes of Health
Roy Castle Foundation
Polish State Committee for Science Research
EC's INCO-COPERNICUS Program
Ministerstvo Prace a Socialnich Veci Ceske Republiky
German Federal Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Technology
Fondation de France
Canadian Institutes of Health Research and Guzzo-SRC Chair in Environment and Cancer
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
Intramural Research Program, Lombardy Region
CIBERESP
Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic-MH CZ-DRO (MMCI)
University of Oviedo
Swedish EPA
Swedish Council for Work Life Research
Europe Against Cancer Program
Compagnia di San Paolo
Region Piedmont
Italian Association for Cancer Research
Istituto nazionale per l'assicurazione contro gli infortuni sul lavoro
Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung grant