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Clinical and immunological benefits of full primary COVID-19 vaccination in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections: A prospective cohort study in non-hospitalized adults.
J. Clin. Virol. 170:105622 (2024)
BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) may result in breakthrough infections (BTIs) in vaccinated individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of full primary (two-dose) COVID-19 vaccination with wild-type-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on symptoms and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 VOC BTIs. METHODS: In a longitudinal multicenter controlled cohort study in Bavaria, Germany, COVID-19 vaccinated and unvaccinated non-hospitalized individuals were prospectively enrolled within 14 days of a PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Individuals were visited weekly up to 4 times, performing a structured record of medical data and viral load assessment. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response was characterized by anti-spike-(S)- and anti-nucleocapsid-(N)-antibody concentrations, anti-S-IgG avidity and neutralization capacity. RESULTS: A total of 300 individuals (212 BTIs, 88 non-BTIs) were included with VOC Alpha or Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections. Full primary COVID-19 vaccination provided a significant effectiveness against five symptoms (relative risk reduction): fever (33 %), cough (21 %), dysgeusia (22 %), dizziness (52 %) and nausea/vomiting (48 %). Full primary vaccinated individuals showed significantly higher 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) values against the infecting VOC compared to unvaccinated individuals at week 1 (269 vs. 56, respectively), and weeks 5-7 (1,917 vs. 932, respectively) with significantly higher relative anti-S-IgG avidity (78% vs. 27 % at week 4, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Full primary COVID-19 vaccination reduced symptom frequencies in non-hospitalized individuals with BTIs and elicited a more rapid and longer lasting neutralization capacity against the infecting VOC compared to unvaccinated individuals. These results support the recommendation to offer at least full primary vaccination to all adults to reduce disease severity caused by immune escape-variants.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
Antibodies ; Breakthrough Infection ; Covid-19 Symptoms ; Sars-cov-2 ; Vaccine Effectiveness ; Viral Load
Language
english
Publication Year
2024
Prepublished in Year
2023
HGF-reported in Year
2023
ISSN (print) / ISBN
1386-6532
e-ISSN
1386-6532
Journal
Journal of Clinical Virology
Quellenangaben
Volume: 170,
Article Number: 105622
Publisher
Elsevier
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute of Environmental Medicine (IEM)
Institute of Virology (VIRO)
Institute of Virology (VIRO)
POF-Topic(s)
30202 - Environmental Health
30203 - Molecular Targets and Therapies
30203 - Molecular Targets and Therapies
Research field(s)
Allergy
Immune Response and Infection
Immune Response and Infection
PSP Element(s)
G-503400-001
G-502700-003
G-502799-701
G-502700-003
G-502799-701
Scopus ID
85179995734
PubMed ID
38091664
Erfassungsdatum
2023-12-22