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Hakola, L.* ; Mramba, L.K.* ; Uusitalo, U.* ; Andrén Aronsson, C.* ; Hummel, S. ; Niinistö, S.* ; Erlund, I.* ; Yang, J.* ; Rewers, M.J.* ; Akolkar, B.* ; McIndoe, R.A.* ; Rich, S.S.* ; Hagopian, W.A.* ; Ziegler, A.-G. ; Lernmark, Å.* ; Toppari, J.* ; Krischer, J.P.* ; Norris, J.M.* ; Virtanen, S.M.* ; TEDDY Study Group (Gezginci, C. ; Heublein, A. ; Knopff, A. ; Koletzko, S. ; Ramminger, C. ; Roth, R. ; Schmidt, J. ; Scholz, M. ; Stock, J. ; Warncke, K. ; Wendel, L. ; Winkler, C.)

Intake of B vitamins and the risk of developing islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in the TEDDY study.

Eur. J. Nutr., DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03346-6 (2024)
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PURPOSE: The aim was to study the association between dietary intake of B vitamins in childhood and the risk of islet autoimmunity (IA) and progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D) by the age of 10 years. METHODS: We followed 8500 T1D-susceptible children born in the U.S., Finland, Sweden, and Germany in 2004 -2010 from the Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study, which is a prospective observational birth cohort. Dietary intake of seven B vitamins was calculated from foods and dietary supplements based on 24-h recall at 3 months and 3-day food records collected regularly from 6 months to 10 years of age. Cox proportional hazard models were adjusted for energy, HLA-genotype, first-degree relative with T1D, sex, and country. RESULTS: A total of 778 (9.2) children developed at least one autoantibody (any IA), and 335 (3.9%) developed multiple autoantibodies. 280 (3.3%) children had IAA and 319 (3.8%) GADA as the first autoantibody. 344 (44%) children with IA progressed to T1D. We observed that higher intake of niacin was associated with a decreased risk of developing multiple autoantibodies (HR 0.95; 95% CI 0.92, 0.98) per 1 mg/1000 kcal in niacin intake. Higher intake of pyridoxine (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.46, 0.96) and vitamin B12 (HR 0.87; 95% CI 0.77, 0.97) was associated with a decreased risk of IAA-first autoimmunity. Higher intake of riboflavin (HR 1.38; 95% CI 1.05, 1.80) was associated with an increased risk of GADA-first autoimmunity. There were no associations between any of the B vitamins and the outcomes "any IA" and progression from IA to T1D.  CONCLUSION: In this multinational, prospective birth cohort of children with genetic susceptibility to T1D, we observed some direct and inverse associations between different B vitamins and risk of IA.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
Corresponding Author
Keywords Birth Cohort ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Nutrient Intake ; Vitamin B Complex; Autoantibodies; Energy
ISSN (print) / ISBN 1436-6207
e-ISSN 1436-6215
Journal European Journal of Nutrition
Publisher Springer
Publishing Place Heidelberg
Non-patent literature Publications
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute of Diabetes Research Type 1 (IDF)
Grants National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases