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Open Access Green: Postprint online available 05/2025
as soon as is submitted to ZB.
Sleep slow oscillation-spindle coupling precedes spindle-ripple coupling during development.
Sleep 47:zsae061 (2024)
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sleep supports systems memory consolidation through the precise temporal coordination of specific oscillatory events during slow-wave sleep (SWS), i.e., the neocortical slow oscillations (SOs), thalamic spindles, and hippocampal ripples. Beneficial effects of sleep on memory are also observed in infants, although the contributing regions, especially hippocampus and frontal cortex, are immature. Here, we examined in rats the development of these oscillatory events and their coupling during early life. METHODS: EEG and hippocampal local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded during sleep in male rats at postnatal days (PD)26 and 32, roughly corresponding to early (1-2 years) and late (9-10 years) human childhood, and in a group of adult rats (14-18 weeks, corresponding to ~22-29 years in humans). RESULTS: SO and spindle amplitudes generally increased from PD26 to PD32. In parallel, frontocortical EEG spindles increased in density and frequency, while changes in hippocampal ripples remained non-significant. The proportion of SOs co-occurring with spindles also increased from PD26 to PD32. Whereas parietal cortical spindles were phase-locked to the depolarizing SO-upstate already at PD26, over frontal cortex SO-spindle phase-locking emerged not until PD32. Co-occurrence of hippocampal ripples with spindles was higher during childhood than in adult rats, but significant phase-locking of ripples to the excitable spindle troughs was observed only in adult rats. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate a protracted development of synchronized thalamocortical processing specifically in frontocortical networks (i.e., frontal SO-spindle coupling). However, synchronization within thalamocortical networks generally precedes synchronization of thalamocortical with hippocampal processing as reflected by the delayed occurrence of spindle-ripple phase-coupling.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
Development ; Cortex ; Hippocampus ; Ripple ; Slow Oscillation ; Spindles; Brain Maturation; Gray-matter; Rat; Humans; Age; Homeostasis; Plasticity; Childhood; Emergence; Density
ISSN (print) / ISBN
0161-8105
e-ISSN
1550-9109
Journal
Sleep
Quellenangaben
Volume: 47,
Issue: 5,
Article Number: zsae061
Publisher
American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the Sleep Research Society
Publishing Place
Journals Dept, 2001 Evans Rd, Cary, Nc 27513 Usa
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Reviewing status
Peer reviewed