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Mamani-Matsuda, M.* ; Cosma, A. ; Weller, S.* ; Faili, A.* ; Staib, C. ; Garçon, L.* ; Hermine, O.* ; Beyne-Rauzy, O.* ; Fieschi, C.* ; Pers, J.O.* ; Arakelyan, N.* ; Varet, B.* ; Sauvanet, A.* ; Berger, A.* ; Paye, F.* ; Andrieu, J.M.* ; Michel, M.* ; Godeau, B.* ; Buffet, P.* ; Reynaud, C.A.* ; Weill, J.C.*

The human spleen is a major reservoir for long-lived vaccinia virus-specific memory B cells.

Blood 111, 4653-4659 (2008)

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Open Access Green as soon as Postprint is submitted to ZB.

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The fact that you can vaccinate a child at 5 years of age and find lymphoid B cells and antibodies specific for this vaccination 70 years later remains an immunologic enigma. It has never been determined how these long-lived memory B cells are maintained and whether they are protected by storage in a special niche. We report that, whereas blood and spleen compartments present similar frequencies of IgG(+) cells, antismallpox memory B cells are specifically enriched in the spleen where they account for 0.24% of all IgG(+) cells (ie, 10-20 million cells) more than 30 years after vaccination. They represent, in contrast, only 0.07% of circulating IgG(+) B cells in blood (ie, 50-100,000 cells). An analysis of patients either splenectomized or rituximab-treated confirmed that the spleen is a major reservoir for long-lived memory B cells. No significant correlation was observed between the abundance of these cells in blood and serum titers of antivaccinia virus antibodies in this study, including in the contrasted cases of B cell-depleting treatments. Altogether, these data provide evidence that in humans, the two arms of B-cell memory--long-lived memory B cells and plasma cells--have specific anatomic distributions--spleen and bone marrow--and homeostatic regulation.

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