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Meyer, N.M.T.* ; Pohrt, A.* ; Wernicke, C.* ; Pletsch-Borba, L.* ; Apostolopoulou, K.* ; Haberbosch, L.* ; Machann, J. ; Pfeiffer, A.F.H.* ; Spranger, J.* ; Mai, K.*

Improvement in visceral adipose tissue and LDL cholesterol by high PUFA intake: 1-year results of the NutriAct trial.

Nutrients 16:1057 (2024)

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We assessed the effect of a dietary pattern rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), protein and fibers, without emphasizing energy restriction, on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and cardiometabolic risk profile. Within the 36-months randomized controlled NutriAct trial, we randomly assigned 502 participants (50-80 years) to an intervention or control group (IG, CG). The dietary pattern of the IG includes high intake of mono-/polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA/PUFA 15-20% E/10-15% E), predominantly plant protein (15-25% E) and fiber (≥30 g/day). The CG followed usual care with intake of 30% E fat, 55% E carbohydrates and 15% E protein. Here, we analyzed VAT in a subgroup of 300 participants via MRI at baseline and after 12 months, and performed further metabolic phenotyping. A small but comparable BMI reduction was seen in both groups (mean difference IG vs. CG: -0.216 kg/m² [-0.477; 0.045], partial η² = 0.009, p = 0.105). VAT significantly decreased in the IG but remained unchanged in the CG (mean difference IG vs. CG: -0.162 L [-0.314; -0.011], partial η² = 0.015, p = 0.036). Change in VAT was mediated by an increase in PUFA intake (ß = -0.03, p = 0.005) and induced a decline in LDL cholesterol (ß = 0.11, p = 0.038). The NutriAct dietary pattern, particularly due to high PUFA content, effectively reduces VAT and cardiometabolic risk markers, independent of body weight loss.

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Publication type Article: Journal article

Document type Scientific Article

Corresponding Author

Keywords Ldl Cholesterol ; Nutriact ; Healthy Aging ; Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ; Visceral Adipose Tissue; Cardiovascular Risk-factors; Weight-loss; Insulin Sensitivity; Body-composition; Liver Fat; Model Assessment; Abdominal Fat; Dietary; Obesity; Protein

ISSN (print) / ISBN 2072-6643

e-ISSN 2072-6643

Journal Nutrients

Quellenangaben Volume: 16, Issue: 7, Article Number: 1057

Publisher MDPI

Publishing Place Basel

Non-patent literature Publications

Reviewing status Peer reviewed

Institute(s) Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM)

Grants Berlin University Alliance under the Program Line Grand Challenges 1: Social Cohesion, Exploratory Projects
Excellence Initiative of the Federal Government
German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) by support of the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)
German Federal Ministry for Education and Research(BMBF)