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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as fuel-dependent markers in ship engine emissions using single-particle mass spectrometry.
Environ. Sci. - Atmospheres, DOI: 10.1039/d4ea00035h (2024)
We investigated the fuel-dependent single-particle mass spectrometric signatures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the emissions of a research ship engine operating on marine gas oil (MGO), hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and two heavy fuel oils (HFO), one with compliant and one with non-compliant fuel sulfur content. The PAH patterns are only slightly affected by the engine load and particle size, and contain sufficient dissimilarity to discriminate between the marine fuels used in our laboratory study. Hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) produced only weak PAH signals, supporting that fuel residues, rather than combustion conditions, determine the PAH emissions. The imprint of the fuel in the resulting PAH signatures, combined with novel single-particle characterization capabilities for inorganic and organic components, opens up new opportunities for source apportionment and air pollution monitoring. The approach is independent of metals, the traditional markers of ship emissions, which are becoming less important as new emission control policies are implemented and fuels become more diverse.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization; Long-range Transport; Source Apportionment; Spectral Signatures; Size Distributions; Aerosol Emissions; Air-pollution; Diesel-engine; Mixing State; Time
ISSN (print) / ISBN
2634-3606
e-ISSN
2634-3606
Publisher
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Publishing Place
Thomas Graham House, Science Park, Milton Rd, Cambridge Cb4 0wf, Cambs, England
Non-patent literature
Publications
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Grants
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)
Helmholtz Association
German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action
Helmholtz Association
German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action