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Zeller, I. ; Weiss, A. ; Arnolds, S. ; Schütte-Borkovec,K. ; Arabi, S.* ; von dem Berge, T.* ; Casteels, K.* ; Hommel, A.* ; Kordonouri, O.* ; Larsson, H.E.* ; Lundgren, M.* ; Rochtus, A.* ; Snape, M.D.* ; Szypowka, A.* ; Vatish, M.* ; Winkler, C. ; Bonifacio, E. ; Ziegler, A.-G.

Infection episodes and islet autoantibodies in children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Infection, DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02312-y (2024)
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OBJECTIVES: To determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence rates of infection and islet autoimmunity in children at risk for type 1 diabetes. METHODS: 1050 children aged 4 to 7 months with an elevated genetic risk for type 1 diabetes were recruited from Germany, Poland, Sweden, Belgium and the UK. Reported infection episodes and islet autoantibody development were monitored until age 40 months from February 2018 to February 2023. RESULTS: The overall infection rate was 311 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 304-318) per 100 person years. Infection rates differed by age, country, family history of type 1 diabetes, and period relative to the pandemic. Total infection rates were 321 per 100 person-years (95% CI 304-338) in the pre-pandemic period (until February 2020), 160 (95% CI 148-173) per 100 person-years in the first pandemic year (March 2020-February 2021; P < 0.001) and 337 (95% CI 315-363) per 100 person-years in subsequent years. Similar trends were observed for respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. Islet autoantibody incidence rates were 1.6 (95% CI 1.0-2.4) per 100 person-years in the pre-pandemic period, 1.2 (95% CI 0.8-1.9) per 100 person-years in the first pandemic year (P = 0.46), and 3.4 (95% CI 2.3-4.8) per 100 person-years in subsequent years (P = 0.005 vs. pre-pandemic year; P < 0.001 vs. first pandemic year). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with significantly altered infection patterns. Islet autoantibody incidence rates increased two-fold when infection rates returned to pre-pandemic levels.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
Keywords Autoimmunity ; Covid-19 ; Infection ; Type 1 Diabetes; Beta-cell Autoimmunity; Respiratory-infections; Sars-cov-2 Infection; Coxsackievirus B1; Association; Disease
Language english
Publication Year 2024
HGF-reported in Year 2024
ISSN (print) / ISBN 0300-8126
e-ISSN 1439-0973
Journal Infection - A Journal of Infectious Disease
Publisher Urban & Vogel
Publishing Place Tiergartenstrasse 17, D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute of Diabetes Research (IDF)
Institute of Pancreatic Islet Research (IPI)
POF-Topic(s) 30201 - Metabolic Health
90000 - German Center for Diabetes Research
Research field(s) Helmholtz Diabetes Center
PSP Element(s) G-502100-001
G-501900-211
G-508800-010
G-502600-006
Grants The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust
DOI 10.1007/s15010-024-02312-y
WOS ID 001248368000001
Scopus ID 85195852182
PubMed ID 38874748
Erfassungsdatum 2024-07-19
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