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Ahmed, M.I.M.* ; Einhauser, S.* ; Peiter, C.* ; Senninger, A.* ; Baranov, O.* ; Eser, T.M.* ; Huth, M. ; Olbrich, L.* ; Castelletti, N.* ; Rubio-Acero, R.* ; Carnell, G.* ; Heeney, J.* ; Kroidl, I.* ; Held, K.* ; Wieser, A.* ; Janke, C.* ; Hoelscher, M. ; Hasenauer, J. ; Wagner, R.* ; Geldmacher, C.*

Evolution of protective SARS-CoV-2-specific B and T cell responses upon vaccination and Omicron breakthrough infection.

iScience 27:110138 (2024)

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	Open Access Gold

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron breakthrough infection (BTI) induced better protection than triple vaccination. To address the underlying immunological mechanisms, we studied antibody and T cell response dynamics during vaccination and after BTI. Each vaccination significantly increased peak neutralization titers with simultaneous increases in circulating spike-specific T cell frequencies. Neutralization titers significantly associated with a reduced hazard rate for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Yet, 97% of triple vaccinees became SARS-CoV-2 infected. BTI further boosted neutralization magnitude and breadth, broadened virus-specific T cell responses to non-vaccine-encoded antigens, and protected with an efficiency of 88% from further infections by December 2022. This effect was then assessed by utilizing mathematical modeling, which accounted for time-dependent infection risk, the antibody, and T cell concentration at any time point after BTI. Our findings suggest that cross-variant protective hybrid immunity induced by vaccination and BTI was an important contributor to the reduced virus transmission observed in Bavaria in late 2022 and thereafter.

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Publication type Article: Journal article

Document type Scientific Article

Corresponding Author

Keywords Immunology ; Microbiology ; Virology; Models

ISSN (print) / ISBN 2589-0042

e-ISSN 2589-0042

Journal iScience

Quellenangaben Volume: 27, Issue: 6, Article Number: 110138

Publisher Elsevier

Publishing Place Amsterdam ; Bosten ; London ; New York ; Oxford ; Paris ; Philadelphia ; San Diego ; St. Louis

Non-patent literature Publications

Reviewing status Peer reviewed

Institute(s) Institute of Computational Biology (ICB)
Unit Global Health (UGH)

Grants Horizon 2020 research and innovation program