Muzakka, K.F.* ; Möller, S.* ; Kesselheim, S.* ; Ebert, J.* ; Bazarova, A.* ; Hoffmann, H.* ; Starke, S.* ; Finsterbusch, M.*
    
    
        
Analysis of Rutherford backscattering spectra with CNN-GRU mixture density network.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        Sci. Rep. 14, 16 (2024)
    
    
    
      
      
	
	    Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) utilizing MeV ion beams provides valuable insights into surface elemental composition across the entire periodic table. While ion beam measurements have advanced towards high throughput for mapping applications, data analysis has lagged behind due to the challenges posed by large volumes of data and multiple detectors providing diverse analytical information. Traditional physics-based fitting algorithms for these spectra can be time-consuming and prone to local minima traps, often taking days or weeks to complete. This study presents an approach employing a Mixture Density Network (MDN) to model the posterior distribution of Elemental Depth Profiles (EDP) from input spectra. Our MDN architecture includes an encoder module (EM), leveraging a Convolutional Neural Network-Gated Recurrent Unit (CNN-GRU), and a Mixture Density Head (MDH) employing a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). Validation across three datasets with varying complexities demonstrates that for simple and intermediate cases, the MDN performs comparably to the conventional automatic fitting method (Autofit). However, for more complex datasets, Autofit still outperforms the MDN. Additionally, our integrated approach, combining MDN with the automatic fit method, significantly enhances accuracy while still reducing computational time, offering a promising avenue for improved analysis in IBA.
	
	
	    
	
       
      
	
	    
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        Publication type
        Article: Journal article
    
 
    
        Document type
        Scientific Article
    
 
    
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        Keywords
        Convolutional Neural-networks; Ion-beam Analysis; Rbs
    
 
    
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        Language
        english
    
 
    
        Publication Year
        2024
    
 
    
        Prepublished in Year
        0
    
 
    
        HGF-reported in Year
        2024
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        2045-2322
    
 
    
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        2045-2322
    
 
    
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	    Volume: 14,  
	    Issue: 1,  
	    Pages: 16 
	    Article Number: ,  
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
    
        
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            Nature Publishing Group
        
 
        
            Publishing Place
            London
        
 
	
        
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        Peer reviewed
    
 
    
        Institute(s)
        Helmholtz AI - FZJ (HAI - FZJ)
    
 
    
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        Grants
        Helmholtz AI platform
Helmholtz Association Initiative and Networking Fund through the project "Digital Earth"
Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Bundesministerium fr Bildung und Forschung
    
 
    
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        Erfassungsdatum
        2024-07-30