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Lamacchia, O.* ; Menzaghi, C.* ; Copetti, M.* ; Mastroianno, M.* ; Corsano, C.* ; Prehn, C. ; Adamski, J. ; Fontana, A.* ; Trischitta, V.* ; De Cosmo, S.*

GFR decline predicts total mortality and mediates the effect of tryptophan metabolism on death risk in type 2 diabetes.

J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.:dgae551 (2024)

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Free by publisher: Publ. Version/Full Text online available 09/2025 Open Access Green: Postprint online available 09/2025

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CONTEXT: The independent role of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline in shaping the risk of mortality in people with type 2 diabetes has only been partially addressed. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was twofold: i) to investigate the association between all-cause mortality and eGFR changes over time; ii) to understand whether renal dysfunction mediates the effect of tryptophan metabolism on death risk. DESIGN: Prospective study with an average follow-up of 14.8 years. SETTING: Research Hospital. PATIENTS: The aggregate Gargano Mortality Study included 962 patients with type 2 diabetes who had at least three eGFR recordings and at least 1.5 years of follow-up. INTERVENTIONS: This was an observational study, with no intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rate of all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Age and sex adjusted annual incident rate of mortality was 2.75 events per 100 person-years. The median annual rate of decline of eGFR was 1.3 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year (range -3.7; 7.8). The decline of kidney function was strongly and independently associated with the risk of death. Serum kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (KTR) was associated with both eGFR decline and all-cause mortality. Causal mediation analysis showed that 24.3% of the association between KTR and mortality was mediated by eGFR decline. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with type 2 diabetes, eGFR decline is independently associated with the risk of all-cause mortality and mediates a significant proportion of the association between tryptophan metabolism and death.

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Publication type Article: Journal article

Document type Scientific Article

Corresponding Author

Keywords Albuminuria ; Causal Mediation ; Death ; Kidney Function ; Tryptophan Metabolism; Kidney-function Decline; Cardiovascular-disease; Glucose

ISSN (print) / ISBN 0021-972X

e-ISSN 1945-7197

Journal Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, The

Quellenangaben Article Number: dgae551

Publisher Endocrine Society

Publishing Place Bethesda, Md.

Non-patent literature Publications

Reviewing status Peer reviewed

Institute(s) CF Metabolomics & Proteomics (CF-MPC)
Institute of Experimental Genetics (IEG)

Grants European Union
Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking (JU)
European Health Data & Evidence Network (EHDEN) project
Ricerca corrente
PNRR M4C2I1.3 Heal Italia project