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Walgraeve, C.* ; Demeestere, K.* ; de Wispelaere, P.* ; Dewulf, J.* ; Lintelmann, J. ; Fischer, K. ; van Langenhove, H.*

Selective accurate-mass-based analysis of 11 oxy-PAHs on atmospheric particulate matter by pressurized liquid extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography and magnetic sector mass spectrometry.

Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 402, 1697-1711 (2012)
DOI PMC
Open Access Green as soon as Postprint is submitted to ZB.
An innovative analytical method based on high-performance liquid chromatography and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization magnetic sector mass spectrometry was developed and optimized to determine trace concentrations of 11 compounds belonging to the group of the seldom-analyzed oxy-PAHs (phenanthrene-9,10-dione, chrysene-5,6-dione, benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-dione, benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-dione, benzo[a]pyrene-3,6-dione, benzo[a]pyrene-6,12-dione, 4-oxa-benzo[def]chrysene-5-one, pyrene-1-carboxaldehyde, benzo[de]anthracene-7-one, benzo[a]anthracene-7,12-dione, and napthacene-5,12-dione) on airborne particulate matter (PM(10)). The mass spectrometer was operated in multiple ion detection mode, allowing for selective accurate mass detection (mass resolution of 12,000 full width at half maximum) of the oxy-PAHs characteristic ions. Optimization of both the vaporizer (450 °C) and capillary temperature (350 °C) resulted into instrumental detection limits in the range between 7 (benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-dione) and 926 pg (benzo[a]anthracene-7,12-dione). The advanced pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and the more traditionally used ultrasonic extraction (USE) were compared using ethyl acetate as an extraction solvent. For both techniques, high recoveries from spiked quartz fiber filters (PLE, 82-110%; USE, 67-97%) were obtained. Recoveries obtained from real PM(10) samples were also high (76-107%), and no significant matrix effects (ME) on the ionization process (enhancement or suppression) were found (ME, 89-123%). Method limits of quantification (S/N = 10) were in the range between 2 and 336 pg/m(3). This method was used to analyze real PM samples collected at several urban and rural locations in the Antwerp area. For the first time, concentrations for Belgium are provided. Concentrations of individual oxy-PAHs are in the lower pictograms per cubic meter to 6 ng/m(3) range. High concentration differences between individual compounds are found as exemplified by the 75th percentile of the phenanthrene-9,10-dione and benzo[de]anthracene-7-one concentrations being a factor of 4 to 22 higher compared with the other target oxy-PAHs.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
Keywords Pressurized liquid extraction; Ultrasonic extraction; Oxy-PAHs; Magnetic sector mass spectrometry; HPLC; Flanders
Language
Publication Year 2012
HGF-reported in Year 2012
ISSN (print) / ISBN 1618-2642
e-ISSN 1618-2650
Quellenangaben Volume: 402, Issue: 4, Pages: 1697-1711 Article Number: , Supplement: ,
Publisher Springer
Publishing Place Heidelberg
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
POF-Topic(s) 30202 - Environmental Health
Research field(s) Environmental Sciences
PSP Element(s) G-504500-001
PubMed ID 22147271
Scopus ID 84856222236
Erfassungsdatum 2012-02-14