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Urban, L. ; Santure, A.W.* ; Uddstrom, L.R.* ; Digby, A.* ; Vercoe, D.* ; Eason, D.* ; Crane, J.* ; Wylie, M.J.* ; Davis, T.* ; LeLec, M.F.* ; Guhlin, J.* ; Poulton, S.* ; Slate, J.* ; Alexander, A.* ; Fuentes-Cross, P.* ; Dearden, P.K.* ; Gemmell, N.J.* ; Azeem, F.* ; Weyland, M.* ; Schwefel, H.G.L.* ; van Oosterhout, C.* ; Morales, H.E.*

The genetic basis of the kākāpō structural color polymorphism suggests balancing selection by an extinct apex predator.

PLoS Biol. 22:e3002755 (2024)

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The information contained in population genomic data can tell us much about the past ecology and evolution of species. We leveraged detailed phenotypic and genomic data of nearly all living kākāpō to understand the evolution of its feather color polymorphism. The kākāpō is an endangered and culturally significant parrot endemic to Aotearoa New Zealand, and the green and olive feather colorations are present at similar frequencies in the population. The presence of such a neatly balanced color polymorphism is remarkable because the entire population currently numbers less than 250 birds, which means it has been exposed to severe genetic drift. We dissected the color phenotype, demonstrating that the two colors differ in their light reflectance patterns due to differential feather structure. We used quantitative genomics methods to identify two genetic variants whose epistatic interaction can fully explain the species' color phenotype. Our genomic forward simulations show that balancing selection might have been pivotal to establish the polymorphism in the ancestrally large population, and to maintain it during population declines that involved a severe bottleneck. We hypothesize that an extinct apex predator was the likely agent of balancing selection, making the color polymorphism in the kākāpō a "ghost of selection past."

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Publication type Article: Journal article

Document type Scientific Article

Corresponding Author

Keywords Genome; Association; Evolution; History

ISSN (print) / ISBN 1544-9173

e-ISSN 1545-7885

Journal PLoS Biology

Quellenangaben Volume: 22, Issue: 9, Article Number: e3002755

Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Publishing Place 1160 Battery Street, Ste 100, San Francisco, Ca 94111 Usa

Non-patent literature Publications

Reviewing status Peer reviewed

Institute(s) Helmholtz Artifical Intelligence Cooperation Unit (HAICU)
Helmholtz Pioneer Campus (HPC)

Grants Recovery Programme
pomacr
kamacr
Aotearoa New Zealand Department of Conservation Te Papa Atawhai and its Kamacr
Experiment.com
Aotearoa New Zealand Department of Conservation Te Papa Atawhai (DOC)
Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung