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Hüttmann, E.-M.* ; Greulich, T.* ; Hattesohl, A.* ; Schmid, S.* ; Noeske, S.* ; Herr, C.* ; John, G. ; Jörres, R.A.* ; Müller, B.* ; Vogelmeier, C.* ; Koczulla, A.R.*

Comparison of two devices and two breathing patterns for exhaled breath condensate sampling.

PLoS ONE 6:e27467 (2011)
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INTRODUCTION: Analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a noninvasive method to access the epithelial lining fluid of the lungs. Due to standardization problems the method has not entered clinical practice. The aim of the study was to assess the comparability for two commercially available devices in healthy controls. In addition, we assessed different breathing patterns in healthy controls with protein markers to analyze the source of the EBC. METHODS: EBC was collected from ten subjects using the RTube and ECoScreen Turbo in a randomized crossover design, twice with every device--once in tidal breathing and once in hyperventilation. EBC conductivity, pH, surfactant protein A, Clara cell secretory protein and total protein were assessed. Bland-Altman plots were constructed to display the influence of different devices or breathing patterns and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated. The volatile organic compound profile was measured using the electronic nose Cyranose 320. For the analysis of these data, the linear discriminant analysis, the Mahalanobis distances and the cross-validation values (CVV) were calculated. RESULTS: Neither the device nor the breathing pattern significantly altered EBC pH or conductivity. ICCs ranged from 0.61 to 0.92 demonstrating moderate to very good agreement. Protein measurements were greatly influenced by breathing pattern, the device used, and the way in which the results were reported. The electronic nose could distinguish between different breathing patterns and devices, resulting in Mahalanobis distances greater than 2 and CVVs ranging from 64% to 87%. CONCLUSION: EBC pH and (to a lesser extent) EBC conductivity are stable parameters that are not influenced by either the device or the breathing patterns. Protein measurements remain uncertain due to problems of standardization. We conclude that the influence of the breathing maneuver translates into the necessity to keep the volume of ventilated air constant in further studies.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
Keywords Cystic-fibrosis; Ph; Asthma; Interleukin-6; Inflammation; Temperature; Biomarkers; Children; Smokers; COPD
Language english
Publication Year 2011
HGF-reported in Year 2012
ISSN (print) / ISBN 1932-6203
Journal PLoS ONE
Quellenangaben Volume: 6, Issue: 11, Pages: , Article Number: e27467 Supplement: ,
Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publishing Place Lawrence, Kan.
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI)
POF-Topic(s) 30202 - Environmental Health
Research field(s) Lung Research
PSP Element(s) G-505000-007
PubMed ID 22087323
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0027467
WOS ID WOS:000297347700056
Scopus ID 84861155508
Erfassungsdatum 2012-02-29
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