Stefan, N. ; Yki-Järvinen, H.* ; Neuschwander-Tetri, B.A.*
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: heterogeneous pathomechanisms and effectiveness of metabolism-based treatment.
Lancet Diabet. Endocrinol. 13, 134-148 (2025)
The global epidemic of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasing worldwide. People with MASLD can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and extrahepatic cancers. Most people with MASLD die from cardiac-related causes. This outcome is attributed to the shared pathogenesis of MASLD and cardiometabolic diseases, involving unhealthy dietary habits, dysfunctional adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and subclinical inflammation. In addition, the steatotic and inflamed liver affects the vasculature and heart via increased glucose production and release of procoagulant factors, dyslipidaemia, and dysregulated release of hepatokines and microRNAs. However, there is substantial heterogeneity in the contributors to the pathophysiology of MASLD, which might influence its rate of progression, its relationship with cardiometabolic diseases, and the response to therapy. The most effective non-pharmacological treatment approaches for people with MASLD include weight loss. Paradoxically, some effective pharmacological approaches to improve liver health in people with MASLD are associated with no change in bodyweight or even with weight gain, and similar response heterogeneity has been observed for changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. In this Review, we address the heterogeneity of MASLD with respect to its pathogenesis, outcomes, and metabolism-based treatment responses. Although there is currently insufficient evidence for the implementation of precision medicine for risk prediction, prevention, and treatment of MASLD, we discuss whether knowledge about this heterogeneity might help achieving this goal in the future.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Review
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Keywords
De-novo Lipogenesis; Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis; Insulin-resistance; American Association; Practice Guidance; Controlled-trial; Adipose-tissue; Consequences; Mechanisms; Outcomes
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Language
english
Publication Year
2025
Prepublished in Year
2024
HGF-reported in Year
2024
ISSN (print) / ISBN
2213-8587
e-ISSN
2213-8595
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Volume: 13,
Issue: 2,
Pages: 134-148
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Elsevier
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Ste 800, 230 Park Ave, New York, Ny 10169 Usa
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Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
POF-Topic(s)
90000 - German Center for Diabetes Research
Research field(s)
Helmholtz Diabetes Center
PSP Element(s)
G-502400-001
Grants
European Innovative Medicines Initiative SOPHIA
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
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Erfassungsdatum
2024-12-18