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Müller, T.D. ; Adriaenssens, A.* ; Ahrén, B.* ; Blüher, M. ; Birkenfeld, A.L. ; Campbell, J.E.* ; Coghlan, M.P.* ; D'Alessio, D.* ; Deacon, C.F.* ; DelPrato, S.* ; Douros, J.D.* ; Drucker, D.J.* ; Figueredo Burgos, N.S.* ; Flatt, P.R.* ; Finan, B.* ; Gimeno, R.E.* ; Gribble, F.M.* ; Hayes, M.R.* ; Hölscher, C.* ; Holst, J.J.* ; Knerr, P.J.* ; Knop, F.K.* ; Kusminski, C.M.* ; Liskiewicz, A. ; Mabilleau, G.* ; Mowery, S.A.* ; Nauck, M.A.* ; Novikoff, A. ; Reimann, F.* ; Roberts, A.G.* ; Rosenkilde, M.M.* ; Samms, R.J.* ; Scherer, P.E.* ; Seeley, R.J.* ; Sloop, K.W.* ; Wolfrum, C.* ; Wootten, D.* ; DiMarchi, R.D.* ; Tschöp, M.H.

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).

Mol. Metab. 95:102118 (2025)

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BACKGROUND: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) was the first incretin identified and plays an essential role in the maintenance of glucose tolerance in healthy humans. Until recently GIP had not been developed as a therapeutic and thus has been overshadowed by the other incretin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), which is the basis for several successful drugs to treat diabetes and obesity. However, there has been a rekindling of interest in GIP biology in recent years, in great part due to pharmacology demonstrating that both GIPR agonism and antagonism may be beneficial in treating obesity and diabetes. This apparent paradox has reinvigorated the field, led to new lines of investigation, and deeper understanding of GIP. SCOPE OF REVIEW: In this review, we provide a detailed overview on the multifaceted nature of GIP biology and discuss the therapeutic implications of GIPR signal modification on various diseases. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: Following its classification as an incretin hormone, GIP has emerged as a pleiotropic hormone with a variety of metabolic effects outside the endocrine pancreas. The numerous beneficial effects of GIPR signal modification render the peptide an interesting candidate for the development of pharmacotherapies to treat obesity, diabetes, drug-induced nausea and both bone and neurodegenerative disorders.

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Publication type Article: Journal article

Document type Review

Corresponding Author

Keywords Diabetes ; Gip ; Glp-1 ; Incretin ; Insulin ; Obesity

ISSN (print) / ISBN 2212-8778

e-ISSN 2212-8778

Journal Molecular Metabolism

Quellenangaben Volume: 95, Article Number: 102118

Publisher Elsevier

Publishing Place Amsterdam

Non-patent literature Publications

Reviewing status Peer reviewed

Institute(s) Institute of Diabetes and Obesity (IDO)
Helmholtz Institute for Metabolism, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG)
Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM)

Grants EFSD/Novo Nordisk Foun-dation Future Leaders Award
Boehringer Ingelheim
Pfizer
Eli Lilly Co.
Novo Nordisk Foundation
EFSD/Lilly European Diabetes Research Programme
NHMRC Leadership Fellow
Diabetes UK
Northern Ireland HPSS and Invest Northern Ireland
Nordisk Chair in incretin biology and a Sinai Health Novo Nordisk Fund in regulatory peptides