Wang, S.H.* ; Serr, I. ; Digigow, R.* ; Metzler, B.* ; Surnov, A. ; Gottwick, C.* ; Alsamman, M.* ; Krzikalla, D.* ; Heine, M.* ; Zahlten, M.* ; Widera, A.* ; Mungalpara, D.* ; Şeleci, M.* ; Fanzutti, M.* ; Marques Mesquita, L.M.* ; Vocaturo, A.L.* ; Herkel, J.* ; Carambia, A.* ; Schröter, C.* ; Sarko, D.* ; Pohlner, J.* ; Daniel, C. ; de Min, C.* ; Fleischer, S.*
     
    
        
Nanoparticle platform preferentially targeting liver sinusoidal endothelial cells induces tolerance in CD4+ T cell-mediated disease models.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        Front. Immunol. 16:1542380 (2025)
    
    
    
      
      
	
	    INTRODUCTION: Treating autoimmune diseases without nonspecific immunosuppression remains challenging. To prevent or treat these conditions through targeted immunotherapy, we developed a clinical-stage nanoparticle platform that leverages the tolerogenic capacity of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) to restore antigen-specific immune tolerance. METHODS: In vivo efficacy was evaluated in various CD4+ T cell-mediated disease models, including preventive and therapeutic models of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), ovalbumin-sensitized delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), and the spontaneous type 1 diabetes model. Nanoparticle-induced antigen-specific immune responses were also analyzed through adoptive transfers of 2D2 transgenic T cells into wild-type mice, followed by nanoparticle administration. RESULTS: The peptide-conjugated nanoparticles displayed a uniform size distribution (25-30 nm). Their coupling efficiency for peptides with unfavorable physicochemical properties was significantly enhanced by a proprietary linker technology. Preferential LSEC targeting of nanoparticles coupled with fluorescently labeled peptides was confirmed via intravital microscopy and flow cytometry. Intravenous nanoparticle administration significantly reduced disease severity and demyelination in EAE, independent of prednisone at maintenance doses, and suppressed target tissue inflammation in the DTH model. Furthermore, prophylactic administration of a mixture of nanoparticles coupled with five autoantigenic peptides significantly lowered the hyperglycemia incidence of the non-obese diabetic mice. Mechanistically, the tolerizing effects were associated with the induction of antigen-specific regulatory T cells and T cell anergy, which counteract proinflammatory T cells in the target tissue. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that peptide-loaded nanoparticles preferentially deliver disease-relevant peptides to LSECs, thereby inducing antigen-specific immune tolerance. This versatile clinical-stage nanoparticle platform holds promise for clinical application across multiple autoimmune diseases.
	
	
	    
	
       
      
	
	    
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        Publication type
        Article: Journal article
    
 
    
        Document type
        Scientific Article
    
 
    
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        Keywords
        T Cell Anergy ; Antigen-specific Immunotherapy ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells ; Nanoparticles ; Regulatory T Cells ; Tolerance; Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; T-cell; Chromogranin-a; Gm-csf; Antigen; Induction; Insulin; Epitope; Inflammation; Specificity
    
 
    
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        Language
        english
    
 
    
        Publication Year
        2025
    
 
    
        Prepublished in Year
        0
    
 
    
        HGF-reported in Year
        2025
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        1664-3224
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        1664-3224
    
 
    
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	    Volume: 16,  
	    Issue: ,  
	    Pages: ,  
	    Article Number: 1542380 
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
    
        
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            Frontiers
        
 
        
            Publishing Place
            Avenue Du Tribunal Federal 34, Lausanne, Ch-1015, Switzerland
        
 
	
        
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        Reviewing status
        Peer reviewed
    
 
    
        Institute(s)
        Research Unit Type 1 Diabetes Immunology (TDI)
    
 
    
        POF-Topic(s)
        30201 - Metabolic Health
    
 
    
        Research field(s)
        Helmholtz Diabetes Center
    
 
    
        PSP Element(s)
        G-502191-001
    
 
    
        Grants
        German Research Foundation (DFG)
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
    
 
    
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        Erfassungsdatum
        2025-05-09