Bartölke, R.* ; Nießner, C.* ; Reinhard, K.* ; Wolfrum, U.* ; Meimann, S.* ; Bolte, P.* ; Feederle, R. ; Mouritsen, H.* ; Dedek, K.* ; Peichl, L.* ; Winklhofer, M.*
     
    
        
Full-length cryptochrome 1 in the outer segments of the retinal blue cone photoreceptors in humans and great apes suggests a role beyond transcriptional repression.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        FASEB J. 39:e70523 (2025)
    
    
    
      
      
	
	    Mammalian cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) is a central player in the circadian transcription-translation feedback loop, crucial for maintaining a roughly 24-h rhythm. CRY1 was suggested to also function as a blue-light photoreceptor in humans and has been found to be expressed at the mRNA level in various cell types of the inner retina. However, attempts to detect CRY1 at the protein level in the human retina have remained unsuccessful so far. Using various C-terminal specific antibodies recognizing full-length CRY1 protein, we consistently detected selective labeling in the outer segments of short wavelength-sensitive (SWS1, "blue") cone photoreceptor cells across human, bonobo, and gorilla retinae. No other retinal cell types were stained, which is in contrast to what would be expected of a ubiquitous clock protein. Subcellular fractionation experiments in transfected HEK cells using a C-terminal specific antibody located full-length CRY1 in the cytosol and membrane fractions. Our findings indicate that human CRY1 has several different functions including at least one nonclock function. Our results also raise the likely possibility that several different versions of CRY1 exist in humans. We suggest that truncation of the C-terminal tail, maybe to different degrees, may affect the localization and function of human CRY1.
	
	
	    
	
       
      
	
	    
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        Publication type
        Article: Journal article
    
 
    
        Document type
        Scientific Article
    
 
    
        Thesis type
        
    
 
    
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        Keywords
        C‐terminal Tail ; Sws1 Cones ; Blue‐light Receptors ; Circadian Rhythms ; Cryptochromes ; Molecular Clock ; Photoreceptors ; Phototransduction ; Retina; Circadian Clock; Light Photoreceptors; Magnetoreception; Proteins; Phosphorylation; Identification; Localization; Melanopsin; Expression; Components
    
 
    
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        Language
        english
    
 
    
        Publication Year
        2025
    
 
    
        Prepublished in Year
        0
    
 
    
        HGF-reported in Year
        2025
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        0892-6638
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        1530-6860
    
 
    
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	    Volume: 39,  
	    Issue: 8,  
	    Pages: ,  
	    Article Number: e70523 
	    Supplement: ,  
	
    
 
    
        
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            Publisher
            Wiley
        
 
        
            Publishing Place
            Bethesda, Md.
        
 
	
        
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        Reviewing status
        Peer reviewed
    
 
    
        Institute(s)
        CF Monoclonal Antibodies (CF-MAB)
    
 
    
        POF-Topic(s)
        30201 - Metabolic Health
    
 
    
        Research field(s)
        Helmholtz Diabetes Center
    
 
    
        PSP Element(s)
        G-502210-001
    
 
    
        Grants
        Pro Retina-Stiftung (Pro Retina Foundation)
    
 
    
        Copyright
        
    
 	
    
    
    
    
    
        Erfassungsdatum
        2025-05-11