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Dalecká, A.* ; Jeong, A.* ; Szabó, D.* ; Tamasi, B.* ; Imboden, M.* ; Schaffner, E.* ; Keidel, D.* ; Shen, Y.* ; Nieuwenhuijsen, M.* ; Cirach, M.* ; de Hoogh, K.* ; Vlaanderen, J.* ; Vermeulen, R.* ; Peters, A. ; Melén, E.* ; Peasey, A.* ; Bobak, M.* ; Pikhart, H.* ; Probst-Hensch, N.*

Air pollution, greenspace, and metabolic syndrome in older Czech and Swiss populations.

Environ. Epi. 9:e393 (2025)
Publ. Version/Full Text DOI PMC
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BACKGROUND: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has increased rapidly, with considerable variation between European countries. The study examined the relationship between air pollutants, greenspace, and MetS and its components in the Czech and Swiss populations. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the Czech Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) (n = 4,931) and the Swiss cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA) (n = 4,422) cohorts included participants aged 44-73 years. MetS was defined as abdominal obesity plus two additional components (hypertension, diabetes, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and elevated triglycerides). Annual mean concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and greenspace (defined as the annual mean of normalized difference vegetation index within 500 m) were assigned to the individual residential level. We estimated odds ratios (OR) using multivariable logistic regressions with cluster-robust standard error, controlling for multiple confounders. RESULTS: The prevalence of MetS was significantly higher in the Czech (51.1%) compared with Swiss (35.8%) population as were the concentration means of PM10 and PM2.5. In HAPIEE, a 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with 14% higher odds of MetS (OR = 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01, 1.28). In SAPALDIA, no evidence was found for the associations between air pollutants and MetS (e.g. OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.90, 1.13 for PM2.5). No protective effects of normalized difference vegetation index on MetS were observed. Upon inspection of MetS components, PM2.5 and PM10 exposures were associated with higher odds of hypertension and elevated triglycerides in HAPIEE only, while PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 were associated with higher odds of diabetes in SAPALDIA only. CONCLUSION: Individuals with higher exposures to PM2.5 may be at higher risk of MetS. The differential associations with MetS components between the cohorts deserve further investigation.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
Corresponding Author
Keywords Air Pollution ; Cross-sectional Design ; Greenspace ; Metabolic Syndrome ; Particulate Matter; Long-term Exposure; Physical-activity; Particulate Matter; Lung-diseases; Risk-factors; Prevalent; Adults; Hypertension; Association; Capillary
ISSN (print) / ISBN 2474-7882
e-ISSN 2474-7882
Journal Environmental epidemiology
Quellenangaben Volume: 9, Issue: 3, Pages: , Article Number: e393 Supplement: ,
Publisher Wolters Kluwer Health
Publishing Place Alphen aan den Rijn
Non-patent literature Publications
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute of Epidemiology (EPI)
Grants Swiss National Science Foundation
Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports for supportive background
NPO "Systemic Risk Institute - European Union - Next Generation EU (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, NPO: EXCELES)
European Union