Regulation and function of the atypical IκBs-Bcl-3, IκBNS, and IκBζ-in lymphocytes and autoimmunity.
Eur. J. Immunol. 55:e202451273 (2025)
Signaling pathways involving NF-κB transcription factors have essential roles in inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Classical IκB proteins, such as IκBα and IκBβ, bind to NF-κB via ankyrin repeats to sequester NF-κB in the cytoplasm and thus suppress NF-κB activity. Unlike these constitutively expressed classical IκBs, the expression of the atypical IκBs Bcl-3, IκBNS, and IκBζ is induced in immune cells after recognition of antigens, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or cytokines, upon which they localize to the nucleus and form complexes with transcription factors and regulators on the DNA. Atypical, nuclear IκBs have been proposed to modulate NF-κB activity in a context-dependent manner as they can either inhibit or increase gene expression of a subset of NF-κB target genes. This complexity may be related to the molecular function of atypical IκBs, which bind to different transcription factor complexes and form a bridge to different cofactors or epigenetic modifiers. Recent research has identified novel target genes of atypical IκBs that include chemokines, cytokines, and master regulators of lymphocyte differentiation, underscoring prominent roles in adaptive immune and autoimmune responses. Here, we summarize our current understanding of atypical IκBs in lymphocytes with a focus on their emerging role in autoimmunity.
Impact Factor
Scopus SNIP
Web of Science
Times Cited
Scopus
Cited By
Altmetric
Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Review
Thesis type
Editors
Keywords
Bcl3 ; Nf‐κb ; Nfkbid ; Nfkbiz ; Autoimmunity ; Lymphocytes; Candidate Protooncogene Bcl-3; T-cell Development; Oncoprotein Bcl-3; P50 Homodimers; Targeted Disruption; Crystal-structure; Epithelial-cells; Messenger-rnas; Binding-sites; Dna-binding
Keywords plus
Language
english
Publication Year
2025
Prepublished in Year
0
HGF-reported in Year
2025
ISSN (print) / ISBN
0014-2980
e-ISSN
1521-4141
ISBN
Book Volume Title
Conference Title
Conference Date
Conference Location
Proceedings Title
Quellenangaben
Volume: 55,
Issue: 5,
Pages: ,
Article Number: e202451273
Supplement: ,
Series
Publisher
Wiley
Publishing Place
Hoboken
Day of Oral Examination
0000-00-00
Advisor
Referee
Examiner
Topic
University
University place
Faculty
Publication date
0000-00-00
Application date
0000-00-00
Patent owner
Further owners
Application country
Patent priority
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
POF-Topic(s)
30203 - Molecular Targets and Therapies
30202 - Environmental Health
Research field(s)
Immune Response and Infection
Allergy
PSP Element(s)
G-501712-001
G-505400-001
G-505491-001
Grants
Wilhelm-Sander Foundation
Foundation of Experimental Biomedicine and Boehringer Ingelheim Foundation
German Research Foundation
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Copyright
Erfassungsdatum
2025-05-15