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Exploring the association between urinary incontinence and depression based on a series of large-scale national health studies in Türkiye.
J. Clin. Med. 14, 17:5213 (2025)
Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) and depression are
prevalent conditions affecting millions globally and are significantly
associated with various demographic, health, and socio-economic factors.
This study examines the associations between UI and depression over a
14-year period using nationwide data. Methods: We analyzed
cross-sectional data from the Turkish Health Studies Surveys conducted
in seven different years between 2008 and 2022, including 125,276
participants aged 15 and older and excluding those with incomplete key
health data. Variables included chronic conditions, BMI, depression
severity (assessed by PHQ-8), socio-economic status, and lifestyle
factors. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were
used to investigate associations between UI and various risk factors
over time. Results: The prevalence of UI and depression
fluctuated over the 14 years, with a significant increase observed in
2014. Multivariate analysis confirmed a strong and consistent
association between UI and depression across genders and age groups,
even after adjusting for confounders. Higher depression severity
increased the odds of experiencing UI. Age, multiple comorbidities,
higher BMI, and lower socio-economic status were associated with an
increased likelihood of UI. Obesity was a significant risk factor for UI
in females but not in males. Urban living and higher education levels
were inversely associated with UI. The simultaneous rise in UI and
depression in 2014 may be linked to socio-economic changes during that
period. Conclusions: The findings suggest a robust link between
UI and depression, influenced by a complex interplay of health,
demographic, and socio-economic factors, needing prospective studies to
further investigate the causal pathway of these associations.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
Depression ; Association (psychology); Quality-of-life; Risk-factors; Women; Income; Disorders; Community; Impact; Prevalence; Symptoms; Anxiety
ISSN (print) / ISBN
2077-0383
e-ISSN
2077-0383
Journal
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Quellenangaben
Volume: 14,
Issue: 15,
Pages: 17,
Article Number: 5213
Publisher
MDPI
Publishing Place
Basel
Non-patent literature
Publications
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute of AI for Health (AIH)
Grants
Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey