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Eising, E.* ; Dzinovic, I. ; Vino, A.* ; Stipdonk, L.* ; Pavlov, M. ; Winkelmann, J. ; Sommer, M.* ; Franken, M.J.P.* ; Oexle, K. ; Fisher, S.E.*

De novo protein-coding gene variants in developmental stuttering.

Mol. Psychiatry, DOI: 10.1038/s41380-025-03170-2 (2025)
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Developmental stuttering is a common childhood condition characterized by disfluencies in speech, such as blocks, prolongations, and repetitions. While most children who stutter do so only transiently, there are some for whom stuttering persists into adulthood. Rare-variant screens in families including multiple relatives with persistent stuttering have so far identified six genes carrying putative pathogenic variants hypothesized to act in a monogenic fashion. Here, we applied a complementary study design, searching instead for de novo variants in exomes of 85 independent parent-child trios, each with a child with transient or persistent stuttering. Exome sequencing analysis yielded a pathogenic variant in SPTBN1 as well as likely pathogenic variants in PRPF8, TRIO, and ZBTB7A - four genes previously implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders with or without speech problems. Our results also highlighted two further genes of interest for stuttering: FLT3 and IREB2. We used extensive bioinformatic approaches to investigate overlaps in brain-related processes among the twelve genes associated with monogenic forms of stuttering. Analyses of gene-expression datasets of the developing and adult human brain, and data from a genome-wide association study of human brain structural connectivity, did not find links of monogenic stuttering to specific brain processes. Overall, our results provide the first direct genetic link between stuttering and other neurodevelopmental disorders, including speech delay and aphasia. In addition, we systematically demonstrate a dissimilarity in biological pathways associated with the genes thus far implicated in monogenic forms of stuttering, indicating heterogeneity in the etiological basis of this condition.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
Keywords Association; Mutations; Discovery; Recovery; Pathway; Sample; Domain
Language english
Publication Year 2025
HGF-reported in Year 2025
ISSN (print) / ISBN 1359-4184
e-ISSN 1476-5578
Journal Molecular Psychiatry
Publisher Nature Publishing Group
Publishing Place Campus, 4 Crinan St, London, N1 9xw, England
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute of Neurogenomics (ING)
POF-Topic(s) 30205 - Bioengineering and Digital Health
Research field(s) Genetics and Epidemiology
PSP Element(s) G-503200-001
G-503292-001
Grants Veni grant of the Dutch Research Council (NWO)
Max Planck Society
DOI 10.1038/s41380-025-03170-2
WOS ID 001553762800001
Scopus ID 105013795755
PubMed ID 40836029
Erfassungsdatum 2025-10-13
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