as soon as  is submitted to ZB.
		
    Successes and limitations of pretrained YOLO detectors applied to unseen time-lapse images for automated pollinator monitoring.
        
        Sci. Rep. 15 (2025)
    
    
    
	    Pollinating insects provide essential ecosystem services, and using time-lapse photography to automate their observation could improve monitoring efficiency. Computer vision models, trained on clear citizen science photos, can detect insects in similar images with high accuracy, but their performance in images taken using time-lapse photography is unknown. We evaluated the generalisation of three lightweight YOLO detectors (YOLOv5-nano, YOLOv5-small, YOLOv7-tiny), previously trained on citizen science images, for detecting ~ 1,300 flower-visiting arthropod individuals in nearly 24,000 time-lapse images captured with a fixed smartphone setup. These field images featured unseen backgrounds and smaller arthropods than the training data. YOLOv5-small, the model with the highest number of trainable parameters, performed best, localising 91.21% of Hymenoptera and 80.69% of Diptera individuals. However, classification recall was lower (80.45% and 66.90%, respectively), partly due to Syrphidae mimicking Hymenoptera and the challenge of detecting smaller, blurrier flower visitors. This study reveals both the potential and limitations of such models for real-world automated monitoring, suggesting they work well for larger and sharply visible pollinators but need improvement for smaller, less sharp cases.
	
	
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        Publication type
        Article: Journal article
    
 
    
        Document type
        Scientific Article
    
 
     
    
    
        Keywords
        Automated Insect Monitoring ; Out-of-distribution Generalisation ; Pollinator Detection ; Smartphone Images ; Time-lapse Images ; Yolo Detectors
    
 
     
    
    
        Language
        english
    
 
    
        Publication Year
        2025
    
 
     
    
        HGF-reported in Year
        2025
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        2045-2322
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        2045-2322
    
 
    
     
     
	     
	 
	 
    
        Journal
        Scientific Reports
    
 
	
    
        Quellenangaben
        
	    Volume: 15,  
	    Issue: 1 
	    
	    
	    
	
    
 
    
         
        
            Publisher
            Nature Publishing Group
        
 
        
            Publishing Place
            London
        
 
	
         
         
         
         
         
	
         
         
         
    
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
    
        Reviewing status
        Peer reviewed
    
 
    
        Institute(s)
        Helmholtz AI - DLR (HAI - DLR)
    
 
     
     
     
     
     	
    
    
        Scopus ID
        105013877045
    
    
        Erfassungsdatum
        2025-09-08