Histone variants with metabolite-binding macrodomains provide a poorly understood link between chromatin composition and metabolism. To address their contribution to physiological health, we generated and analyzed mice individually lacking the histone variants macroH2A1.1, macroH2A1.2, or macroH2A2. We identified several histopathologic changes in the kidney as isoform-specific phenotype of complete macroH2A1.1 loss affecting male and female animals. Kidney alterations were barely associated with organ-intrinsic gene expression changes but strongly correlated with a systemic shift in nutrient metabolization and alterations in NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form) metabolism. Reduced lipid oxidation and increased glycolysis were found in male and female mice lacking macroH2A1.1 but not macroH2A1.2 or macroH2A2. Male macroH2A1.1-deficient mice also had better glucose tolerance and altered hepatic gene expression. Replacing chow by ketogenic diet overrode the macroH2A1.1-dependent metabolic phenotype and prevented kidney abnormalities. Together, our results indicate that macroH2A1.1 controls nutrient metabolization and links macroH2A1.1 levels to secondary changes in the kidney.
GrantsNIH/NCI European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) Walter Benjamin postdoctoral fellowship from the German Research Foundation (DFG) Marie SklodowskaCurieTraining Network"INTERCEPT-MDS" Marie Sklodowska Curie Doctoral Network "NUCLEAR" LaCaixa Banking Foundation AGAUR Fundacion AECC Fundacio Internacional Josep Carreras CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya German Federal Ministry of Education and Research German Center for Diabetes Research National Institutes of Health (NIH) through grants from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences National Cancer Institute (NCI) MCIN/AEI