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Jarchow, H.* ; Bobrowski, C.* ; Falk, S.* ; Hermann, A.* ; Kulaga, A.* ; Põder, J.C.* ; Unfried, M.* ; Usanov, N.* ; Zendeh, B.* ; Kennedy, B.K.* ; Lobentanzer, S. ; Fuellen, G.*

Benchmarking large language models for personalized, biomarker-based health intervention recommendations.

NPJ Digit. Med. 8:631 (2025)
Publ. Version/Full Text Research data DOI PMC
Open Access Gold
Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag
The use of large language models (LLMs) in clinical diagnostics and intervention planning is expanding, yet their utility for personalized recommendations for longevity interventions remains opaque. We extended the BioChatter framework to benchmark LLMs' ability to generate personalized longevity intervention recommendations based on biomarker profiles while adhering to key medical validation requirements. Using 25 individual profiles across three different age groups, we generated 1000 diverse test cases covering interventions such as caloric restriction, fasting and supplements. Evaluating 56000 model responses via an LLM-as-a-Judge system with clinician validated ground truths, we found that proprietary models outperformed open-source models especially in comprehensiveness. However, even with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), all models exhibited limitations in addressing key medical validation requirements, prompt stability, and handling age-related biases. Our findings highlight limited suitability of LLMs for unsupervised longevity intervention recommendations. Our open-source framework offers a foundation for advancing AI benchmarking in various medical contexts.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
ISSN (print) / ISBN 2398-6352
e-ISSN 2398-6352
Journal NPJ digital medicine
Quellenangaben Volume: 8, Issue: 1, Pages: , Article Number: 631 Supplement: ,
Publisher Nature Publishing Group
Publishing Place Heidelberger Platz 3, Berlin, 14197, Germany
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Institute of Computational Biology (ICB)
Grants Projekt DEAL
Department "Aging of Individuals and Society" of the Interdisciplinary Faculty of the University of Rostock
Hermann and Lilly Schilling Stiftung fur medizinische Forschung im Stifterverband