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Marambire, E.T.* ; Calderwood, C.J.* ; Larsson, L.* ; Malhotra, A.M.* ; Madziva, K.* ; Mbiba, F.* ; Banze, D.* ; Nhamuave, C.* ; Minja, L.T.* ; Mfinanga, A.* ; Khosa, C.* ; Kallenius, G.* ; Sundling, C.* ; Kavenga, F.* ; Held, K. ; Mutsvangwa, J.* ; Heinrich, N.* ; Khan, P.* ; Kranzer, K.*

Association of HIV and Mtb infection among household contacts in East and Southern Africa.

Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 29, 501-506 (2025)
DOI PMC
BACKGROUND: Understanding the association of HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) status with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) transmission dynamics is crucial, particularly in the context of universal ART access. METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis included adults with microbiologically confirmed pulmonary TB (medium/high Xpert MTB/Rif) and their household contacts (≥10 years) from Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and Tanzania (2021–2023). Mixed-effects logistic regression assessed associations between TB patients’ HIV/ART status and household interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) positivity. RESULTS: A total of 1,923 household contacts of 907 persons with TB were analysed. A third of persons with TB were diagnosed with HIV at the time of TB diagnosis. Overall, 46% of household contacts were IGRA positive at baseline. Household contacts exposed to ART-treated people living with HIV (PLHIV) exhibited high IGRA positivity levels compared with those exposed to PLHIV not on ART (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17–3.02). Odds for contacts of ART-treated PLHIV was similar to the odds observed in contacts of HIV-negative individuals (aOR 2.21; 95% CI: 1.45–3.36). DISCUSSION: In a selected population of people with TB with a medium to high bacillary burden measured by Xpert MTB/Rif, PLHIV while on ART exhibited increased Mtb transmission, comparable with the levels of HIV uninfected.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Scientific Article
Keywords Antiretroviral Therapy ; Art ; Tuberculosis; Mycobacterium-tuberculosis; Pulmonary Tuberculosis; Transmission; Impact
ISSN (print) / ISBN 1027-3719
e-ISSN 1815-7920
Journal International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Quellenangaben Volume: 29, Issue: 11, Pages: 501-506 Article Number: , Supplement: ,
Publisher International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Publishing Place 2 Rue Jean Lantier, Paris, France
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Research Unit Global Health (UGH)
Grants Wellcome Trust
German Center for Infection Research (DZIF)
European Union