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Identification of protein precursor for thyroid hormone synthesis in basal chordate ascidian Styela clava.
Nat. Commun. 17:2463 (2026)
Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for development, growth, and metabolism in animals. Although TH synthesis is well described in vertebrates, it remains elusive in invertebrates due to the lack of identified thyroglobulin (TG) orthologs, the protein precursor for TH synthesis. Here, we identified a functional TG-like protein in ascidian Styela clava via immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry combined with phylogenetic and expression analyses. In vitro iodination demonstrated that ScTG-like provides hormonogenic sites for TH synthesis. In vivo ScTg-like knockdown significantly reduced THs and inhibited larval metamorphosis. An invaginated follicle-like structure in the larval trunk, deposited with ScTG-like, was identified as the location for THs synthesis and storage. Furthermore, structural analysis of ScTG-like and predicted TG-like proteins across bilaterian phyla suggests that endogenous TH synthesis may be an ancestral and synapomorphic bilaterian trait. This study reports the identification of a TH precursor outside vertebrates, shedding lights on the evolution of the TH synthesis.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
Cholinesterase-like Domain; Iodine-metabolism; Thyroglobulin; Endostyle; Evolution; Follicles; Provides; Insight; System; Larvae
ISSN (print) / ISBN
2041-1723
e-ISSN
2041-1723
Journal
Nature Communications
Quellenangaben
Volume: 17,
Issue: 1,
Article Number: 2463
Publisher
Springer
Publishing Place
London
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Helmholtz Pioneer Campus (HPC)
Grants
the Science & Technology Innovation Project of Laoshan Laboratory (No. LSKJ202203002)