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Muscle-immune metabolic crosstalk: Shared pathways in cachexia and exercise.
Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 98:103455 (2026)
Skeletal muscle and the immune system continuously exchange metabolites and signals that are essential for homeostasis. Disruption of this communication, such as during infection, inflammation, or cancer, triggers cachexia, a severe wasting syndrome characterized by altered amino acid flux, mitochondrial dysfunction, and systemic energy imbalance. By contrast, regular exercise activates overlapping pathways but directs them toward regeneration and hypertrophy, supported by controlled cytokine release and metabolite exchange. This review outlines the metabolic reprogramming that underlies muscle-immune crosstalk in cachexia and exercise, emphasizing how identical mediators, including interleukin-6, can promote either catabolism or adaptation depending on context. Understanding these shared yet divergent pathways opens avenues for therapeutic strategies that target metabolism and immune-metabolic communication.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Review
Keywords
Skeletal-muscle; Protein-synthesis; Amino-acids; Il-6; Macrophages; Regeneration; Inhibition; Catabolism; Expression; Responses
ISSN (print) / ISBN
0958-1669
e-ISSN
1879-0429
Journal
Current Opinion in Biotechnology
Quellenangaben
Volume: 98,
Article Number: 103455
Publisher
Elsevier
Publishing Place
Amsterdam
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute of Diabetes and Cancer (IDC)
Grants
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) , Germany
German Centers for Health Research (DZG) , Germany, Innovation Fund
Novo Nordisk Foundation, Denmark, through the European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes (EFSD)/Novo Nordisk Foundation Future Leaders Award
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Germany, Next Grant
Helmholtz Association, Germany, Initiative and Networking Fund
European Research Council (ERC) , European Union
German Centers for Health Research (DZG) , Germany, Innovation Fund
Novo Nordisk Foundation, Denmark, through the European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes (EFSD)/Novo Nordisk Foundation Future Leaders Award
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Germany, Next Grant
Helmholtz Association, Germany, Initiative and Networking Fund
European Research Council (ERC) , European Union