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A novel multiplex approach for the comprehensive analysis of the Epstein-Barr virus-specific humoral immune response.
Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 16, DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1829807 (2026)
Background: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic herpesvirus thatestablishes lifelong infections in more than 90% of the human population. EBVinfection is typically diagnosed using serological assays, which also distinguishbetween acute and persistent infection. However, current diagnostic approachesrely on a limited set of viral proteins and may therefore fail to detect disease-specificantibody signatures associated with EBV-related cancers or autoimmune diseases.Comprehensive profiling of humoral responses against the complete EBVproteome could improve the sensitivity and specificity of serological diagnostics.Methods: We developed a serological multiplex assay covering all EBV proteinsexpressed in human cells, enabling measurement of virus-specific IgM, IgG, andIgA responses. The assay was evaluated using sera from healthy EBV carriers andEBV-negative controls. Near-infrared detection was employed to supportquantitative analysis across a broad dynamic range. Performance wasbenchmarked against commercially available serological assays.Results: The multiplex assay demonstrated a broad dynamic range with linearquantification across several orders of magnitude. Comparative evaluationshowed that the assay achieved sensitivity and specificity comparable toestablished commercial tests while enabling comprehensive antibody profilingagainst the full EBV proteome.Conclusion: This multiplex serological platform provides a robust approach forcomprehensive characterization of EBV-specific humoral immune responses. Byextending antibody profiling beyond the limited antigen panels used in routinediagnostics, the assay may facilitate the identification of novel biomarkers forEBV-associated cancers and autoimmune diseases. Future applications couldcontribute to improved diagnostic accuracy and support the development oftargeted therapeutic strategies.
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Publication type
Article: Journal article
Document type
Scientific Article
Keywords
Multiplex ; Serology ; Immune System ; Antibody ; Antigen ; Proteome ; Virus
ISSN (print) / ISBN
2235-2988
e-ISSN
2235-2988
Quellenangaben
Volume: 16
Publisher
Frontiers
Publishing Place
Lausanne
Reviewing status
Peer reviewed
Institute(s)
Institute of Virology (VIRO)