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Enders, K.* ; Dollsack, M.* ; Schranner, D. ; Bremer, S.* ; Simon, P.* ; Wackerhage, H.* ; Neuberger, E.W.I.* ; Schönfelder, M.*

Female endurance athletes show a reduced plasma cell-free DNA response to all-out and 3-h cycling compared to male counterparts.

Physiol. Rep. 14:e70999 (2026)

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This study investigated cell-free DNA (cfDNA) kinetics during an all-out and 3-h cycling protocol, focusing on sex differences. Eighteen participants (9 women, 9 men) performed a VO_2max test on a cycling ergometer. One to four weeks thereafter, 17 participants completed 3-h cycling at an intensity 5% below their first ventilatory threshold. Venous blood was drawn before and immediately after the VO_2max test, as well as before, during (every 30 min), and up to 24 h after the 3-h cycling. cfDNA increased 4.7-fold after the VO_2max test. After the 3-h cycling, cfDNA increased 4.9-fold and decreased slowly, reaching baseline after 24 h. Men showed higher cfDNA responses to exercise than women, which persisted after adjustment for energy expenditure relative to body mass. Non-linear generalized additive models revealed significant sex differences in the relationship between cfDNA and energy expenditure per kg body mass (β = 0.61 ± 0.28, t = 2.22, p = 0.029) or lean body mass (β = 0.65 ± 0.27, t = 2.40, p = 0.019). These findings suggest sex-specific factors, possibly including neutrophil activity and hormonal influences, contribute to cfDNA release during exercise and warrant further investigation into the underlying mechanisms.

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Publication type Article: Journal article

Document type Scientific Article

Keywords Biomarker ; Circulating Dna ; Cycling ; Endurance Exercise ; Exercise Physiology ; Sex Differences

ISSN (print) / ISBN 2051-817X

e-ISSN 2051-817X

Journal Physiological reports

Quellenangaben Volume: 14, Issue: 13, Article Number: e70999

Publisher Wiley

Reviewing status Peer reviewed

Institute(s) Institute of Computational Biology (ICB)

Grants Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes (Studienstiftung)