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Iakoubov, R.* ; Timper, K.

Ernährungsmedizinische Interventionen bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2.

Diabetologie, DOI: 10.1007/s11428-026-01489-0 (2026)
Publ. Version/Full Text DOI
Open Access Hybrid
Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag
Medical nutrition therapy is a cornerstone of the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the reduction of cardiometabolic complications. This review summarises the most relevant publications from 2024 to 2026. The updated American Diabetes Association (ADA) “Standards of Care in Diabetes 2026” emphasise individualised, food-based nutrition therapy without a fixed macronutrient distribution; Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), plant-based and carbohydrate-reduced eating patterns are recommended, whereas ketogenic diets are viewed critically—particularly under SGLT2 inhibitor therapy due to ketoacidosis risk. Recent reviews and network meta-analyses consistently identify the Mediterranean diet as the most effective strategy for improving glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk, while low-carbohydrate diets achieve the greatest weight loss. Vegetarian and especially vegan diets significantly reduce HbA1c, LDL cholesterol and body mass index. The DASH for diabetes (DASH4D) trials demonstrate that a diabetes-optimised DASH diet improves mean glucose and time in range, and—combined with sodium reduction—produces clinically relevant blood pressure lowering in adults with T2D. Time-restricted eating (20:4) improves β‑cell function, insulin resistance and HbA1c in overweight individuals with prediabetes. An international consensus recommends individualised screening for micronutrient deficiencies (particularly vitamin D, B12, magnesium, zinc) and targeted supplementation only in case of documented deficiency. Together, these data reinforce personalised medical nutrition therapy—ideally delivered by specialised dietitians—as a fundamental pillar of T2D management and a key lever for improving long-term metabolic outcomes and quality of life.
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Publication type Article: Journal article
Document type Guideline
Keywords Diabetes Mellitus ; Disease ; Medline ; Population ; Type 1 Diabetes
ISSN (print) / ISBN 2731-7447
e-ISSN 2731-7455
Journal Diabetologie, Die
Publisher Springer
Publishing Place Europaplatz 3, Heidelberg, Germany
Reviewing status Peer reviewed
Institute(s) Translational Metabolism Research (ITMR)