Dosimetry and toxicology of inhaled ultrafine particles.
    
    
        
    
    
        
        Biomarkers 14, (Suppl.1), 67-73 (2009)
    
    
 	
    
	
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			Open Access Green as soon as Postprint is submitted to ZB.
		
     
    
      
      
	
	    Both epidemiological and toxicological studies indicate that inhalation and subsequent deposition of air borne particles into the lungs have adverse health effects. Recently, the ultrafine particle (UfP) fraction (diameter < 100nm) has received particular attention, as their small size may lead to more toxic proper ties. In this study we summarize the current knowledge on the dosimetry of inhaled particles (including UfPs) with a focus on recent data on translocation of UfPs into secondary target organs (such as brain and heart) suggesting that the lifetime dose of ambient UfPs in secondary target organs is about 1011 particles. Furthermore, we highlight the main pathways of particle induced toxicity and the reasons for the potentially higher toxicity of UfPs. Finally, we discuss recent evidence indicating that (BET) surface area is the single most relevant dose metric for the toxicity of UfPs, which has important implications for regulatory measures on the toxicity of ambient and engineered particles.
	
	
	    
	
       
      
	
	    
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        Publication type
        Article: Journal article
    
 
    
        Document type
        Review
    
 
    
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        Keywords
        Oxidative stress; lung; ROS; nanoparticle toxicity; BET surface area; particle toxicity; insoluble iridium particles; human respiratory-tract; in-vivo; oxidative stress; air-pollution; surface-area; utah valley; extrapulmonary translocation; particulate matter; organic-compounds
    
 
    
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        Publication Year
        2009
    
 
    
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        HGF-reported in Year
        2009
    
 
    
    
        ISSN (print) / ISBN
        1354-750X
    
 
    
        e-ISSN
        1366-5804
    
 
    
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	    Volume: 14,  
	    Issue: SUPPL.1,  
	    Pages: 67-73,  
	    Article Number: ,  
	    Supplement: (Suppl.1) 
	
    
 
    
        
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            Publisher
            Informa Healthcare
        
 
        
            Publishing Place
            Abingdon
        
 
	
        
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        Reviewing status
        Peer reviewed
    
 
     
    
        POF-Topic(s)
        
30202 - Environmental Health
    
 
    
        Research field(s)
        
Lung Research
    
 
    
        PSP Element(s)
        G-505000-002
G-505000-001
G-520200-001
G-505000-005
G-505000-004
    
 
    
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        Erfassungsdatum
        2009-12-31